A neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when that neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response.
What is Classical Conditioning?
100
Stimuli, such as food or warmth, that have reinforcement value without learning.
What is Primary Reinforcers?
100
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, automatic response.
What is Unconditioned Stimulus?
100
Learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it.
What is Latent Learning?
100
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed.
What is Spontaneous Recovery?
200
a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is Taste Aversion?
200
Stimuli, such as money, that increase the probability of a response because of their association with a primary reinforcer.
What is Secondary Reinforcers?
200
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response.
What is Unconditioned Response?
200
Learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others.
What is Observational Learning?
200
The tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics.
What is Generalization?
300
A therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response.
What is Counterconditioning?
300
Encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented.
What is Positive Reinforcers?
300
A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is Conditioned Response?
300
Learning that occurs regularly and is distributed over time.
What is Distributed Learning?
300
In classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar.
What is Discrimination?
400
A type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli.
What is Systematic Desensitization?
400
Unpleasant stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior when they are removed.
What is Negative Reinforcers?
400
A previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response.
What is Conditioned Stimulus?
400
Learning that does not occur regularly but occurs all at one time.
What is Massed Learning?
400
In operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior toward closer approximations of the desired goal.
What is Shaping?
500
A fear-reduction technique based on the principles of classical conditioning that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished.
What is Flooding?
500
The process by which a stimulus increases the chances that preceding behavior will occur again.
What is Reinforcement?
500
The disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus.
What is Extinction?
500
Learning that involves stimulus- response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus.
What is Conditioning?
500
In operant conditioning, combining the steps of a sequence to progress toward a final action.