The relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience
What is learning?
100
This is the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
What is discrimination?
100
Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences
What is Operant Behavior?
100
Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely.
What is the law of effect?
100
The effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do
What is the over justification effect?
200
The tendency for subjects to respond to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimuli
What is generalization?
200
The initial stage in classical conditioning.
What is acquisition?
200
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.
What is a conditioned reinforcer?
200
Watson believed behaviorism should be characterized by this
Disregard to internal processes, what is the objective approach?
200
In operant conditioning, this is any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
What is a reinforcer?
300
A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment
What is a cognitive map?
300
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response.
What is spontaneous recovery?
300
A procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior closer and closer toward a desired goal
What is shaping?
300
Watson’s belief that psychology should be an objective science, that should study overt behavior without considering unobservable mental activity
What is behaviorism?
300
This type of reinforcement has greater resistance to extinction
What is partial (intermittent) reinforcement?
400
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
What is latent learning?
400
Classical conditioning was first explored by him
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
400
A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment
What is Operant Conditioning?
400
Pavlovian conditioning is also known as this.
What is classical conditioning?
400
Pigeons display this when they peck a key as an anticipated time or reward draws nearer, producing a choppy stop- start pattern
What are fixed-interval schedules?
500
Learning the certain events occur together.
What is Associative Learning?
500
The five major conditioning processes are
What are acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination?
500
A chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain food or water as a reinforcer, with a device attached to record the animals rate of bar pressing or key pecking
What is an Operant Chamber?
500
This person believed all learning was observable
Who is John B. Watson?
500
To provide rewards after an unpredictable amount of responses.