A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
100
A type of lerning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.
What is operant conditioning?
100
Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
What is a reinforcer?
100
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
What is modeling?
100
A Russian scientist; "father" of classical conditioning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
200
A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.
What is classical conditioning?
200
Behavior thatccurs as an automatic response to some stimulus.
What is respondent behavior?
200
Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli.
What is positive reinforcement?
200
A mental representation of the layout of one's environment.
What is a cognitive map?
200
Used the law of effect to develop idea of operant conditioning that revealed principles of behavior control.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
300
The unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus.
What is an unconditioned response?
300
Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences.
What is operant behavior?
300
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli.
What is negative reinforcement?
300
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.
What is latent learning?
300
"father" of behaviorism; questioned for ethical practices in Little Albert experiment.
Who is John B. Watson?
400
The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
What is a conditioned response?
400
The principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely.
What is the law of effect?
400
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.
What is a fixed-ratio schedule?
400
A desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.
What is intrinsic motivation?
400
Conducted studies on observational learning with Bobo dolls.
Who is Albert Bandura?
500
An originally irrelevant stimulus that comes to trigger a conditioned response.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
500
A procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toweard closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.
What is shaping?
500
A reinforcemenet schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.
What is a variable-interval schedule?
500
A desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment.
What is extrinsic motivation?
500
Developed the principle that one ought to identify what is reinforcing for a subject and then use it to reinforce desired behaviors that the subject is not so likely to perform on his or her own.