This is the natural response an animal or human makes to a stimulus
What is the unconditioned response (UR)
100
a positive incentive which can be used to train an animal or human to repeat a desired behavior
What is a positive reinforcement/ positive reinforcer
100
The primary way in which young humans learn, this involves watching and copying others
What is modeling
100
a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience
What is learning
100
The Russian stomach doctor who first realized that dogs could learn to respond to the sound of a bell as if it was food.
Who is Pavlov
200
This is a stimulus which naturally elicits a response in a human or animal
What is an unconditioned stimulus
200
A situation in which a subject behaves in a desired way to remove a negative stimulus
What is negative reinforcement
200
The phenomenon of unplanned learning, such as creating a mental map of the city you move to, and later being able to use that mental map to give directions to a place you have never purposefully gone to before.
What is latent learning
200
The category of learning which includes both classical and operant conditioning
What is associative learning
200
The American researcher who applied classical conditioning to humans when he taught a baby to fear fuzzy white objects like rats.
who is Watson
300
This is the response which the researcher is trying to elicit in the subject
What is the conditioned response (CR)
300
a negative response to an undesired behavior
What is punishment
300
The phenomenon in which children develop positive behaviors by observing positive models
What is prosocial effect or prosocial behavior
300
The school of psychology which promotes the idea that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to the mental processes and focuses on the sociological end of the bio-psycho-social spectrum.
What is behaviorism
300
The American researcher who developed operant conditioning, he used a box wired with a lever, a light, and a food dispenser to train rats to respond to stimuli to get food.
Who is Skinner
400
This is the new stimulus which a researcher is trying to get to elicit a response in the subject
What is the conditioned stimulus (US)
400
The process of gradually training a subject to perform a desired behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of that behavior
What is shaping
400
The phenomenon in which children develop negative behaviors by observing negative models
What is antisocial effect or antisocial behavior
400
the initial stage of the classical conditioning process, when the subject associates a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response OR the stage of operant conditioning in which the reinforced response is strengthened.
What is aquisition
400
The American Psychologist who studied observational learning by beating up a clown-doll called Bobo and seeing if children copied the behavior.
Who is Bandura
500
The natural process of forgetting an association, in which the subject no longer responds to a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction
500
When a subject responds to a new stimulus in the way that has been conditioned to a similar old stimulus. For example, a bird trained to peck an X for food tries pecking a Y in the hope of getting food.
What is generalization
500
The structures in your brain which allow you to feel sympathetic emotion- a physiological reaction to someone else's behavior- such as the firing of reward circuits when a friend is praised.
What are mirror neurons
500
A biological predisposition to more easily learn associations between illness and food, which evolved to protect us from eating poison
What is taste aversion
500
The process which allows trainers to teach rats and dolphins to locate mines, allows parents to instill good behavior in children, and even helps us to get our romantic partners to do what we want.