translation
Translation requires what factors?
mRNA, Ribosome, amino acyl-tRNA, and protein factors
Translation termination
eRf1- recognizes and binds stop codon
eRF3 is a GTPase, escorts eRf1 to the ribosome, hydrolyzes GTP to stop translation
What are the steps of Translation?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Many factors that affect gene expression
- histone placement
- Histone modifications
- transcription factors
Prokaryotic translation elongation is _______ to eukaryotic translation elongation.
almost identical
Specific transcription factors
transcription factors must bind DNA, usually at specific DNA sequence called the binding site
What are the steps of translation elongation?
1. AA-tRNA binding with EF-TU
2. Peptide bond formation
3. Translocation with EF-G
4. Release of empty tRNA
Bacterial gene regulation
*Lac operon
-Operon- multiple genes controlled by a single promoter
-Lac Repressor (Lac l)- transcription factor that represses lac operon when lactose absent
-CRP- transcription factor that activates the lac operon when glucose absent
Elongation factors
EF-Tu- checks that correct AA-tRNA is bound
EF-G- translocates