Formulas/Abbreviations
How to find pH and pOH
-log[H+], -log[OH-]
Where can you find the strong bases
IA and IIA hydroxides: NaOH, CaOH prolly idk
What happens to [H+] and [OH-] when pH INCREASES
[H+] decreases
[OH-] increases
What is the pH when pOH is 4
10
Name some of the strong acids we need to be able to recognize
Nitiric acid, Hydrochloric acid, bromic acid, iodic acid, sulfuric acid, perchloric acid
How to find pKw (and what does it equal)
pH+pOH
What is a conjugate acid base pair
consists of two chemical species that differ by only one proton
Explain the difference between concentration and strength
Concentration: more acid/base, less water
Strength: more ions, less molecules
If pOH is 6.29, what is the [H+] concentration?
1.95e-8
Characteristics of acids
donate H+, accept OH-, sour, burns skin, turns blue litmus paper red, strong acids completely ionize
How to get [H+] and [OH-] from pH/pOH
10^-pH, 10^-pOH
What does Kw mean
ion-product constant of water
What does the Big D want us to know about crowdedness and pH?
low pH = crowded
high pH = not crowded
The conjugate base of HSO^3- is
SO3^2-
Characteristics of bases
taste bitter, slippery, turn red litmus paper blue, burns skin
How to find Kw
[H+][OH-]
What do bases tend to be bonded to
Metals, not covalent systems
When there are more oxygens in the acid, does that make the acid stronger or weaker?
Stronger, H3PO4 > H3PO3
What is the pH of 1.3e-5M H2SO4?
4.58
remember the amount of numbers after the decimal (the mantissa) is equal to the amount of numbers in the original number
Name some common strong bases
NaOH, NH3, prolly more
What is the half-life equation for the 1st order
ln(2)/k
What is a Bronsted Lowry acid/base
proton acceptor, proton donor
As electronegativity of the central atom increases, acid strength ____
Increases, HClO3 > HBrO3 > HIO3, the oxygen holds everything together without the oxygen, it is the opposite. HI > HBr > HCl >HF (remember HF is a very weak acid bc the H bonds are so strong, it doesn't dissociate)
aktiv
pls
As the acid increases, the conjugate base ____
decreases