Chemicals
interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in forming molecules
chemical bond
attraction between water molecules and other molecules
adhesion
total number of protons in an atom
atomic number
macromolecule that is nonpolar and insoluble in water
lipid
polysaccharide that comprises the plants' cell wall; provides structural support to the cell
cellulose
substance that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions
buffer
weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules
hydrogen bond
electrons on the outer shell of the atom
single unit or monomer of carbohydrates
monosaccharide
type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of all arthropods, also forms fungi cell walls
chitin
substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
acid
intermolecular forces forming connections between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water
cohesion
hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms
aromatic hydrocarbon
macromolecule that carries the cell's genetic blueprint and instructions for the cell's functioning
nucleic acid
loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or chemical exposure
denaturation
one of 118 unique substances that cannot break down into smaller substances
element
describes uncharged nonpolar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water
hydrophobic
type of strong bond formed when electrons are shared between atoms
covalent bond
macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and to oxygen is 1:2:1; serves as energy source and structural support in cells
carbohydrate
storage carbohydrate in animals
glycogen
chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges
ionic bond
substance capable of dissolving another substance
solvent (water is a solvent for LOTS of things! It is called the "universal solvent")
one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
isotope
biological macromolecule comprised of one or more amino acid chains
protein
monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, one or more phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base
nucleotide