YOU BETTER THINK
food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1983
Requires that new drugs be safe as well as pure (but did not require proof of efficacy). Enforcement by FDA
brand name
LIPITOR
generic name ??
ATORVASTATIN
"Indigent" patients are
individuals who may or may not have insurance but cannot afford the out-of-pocket costs of medical care, leading to the need for charitable care or public assistance.
A patient with chronic renal failure is prescribed a new medication. The nurse understands that which phase of the LADME process will be the most significantly impacted by the patient's condition?
Excretion
This phase is heavily dependent on the functional capacity of the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract to remove drug metabolites from the body.
SOUND ALIKE BUT ARENT THE SAME
ZYRTEC IS FOR ALLERGY SYMPTOMS BUT ZANTAC IS AN......
H2 INHIBITOR
OF THE SVEN RIGHTS, WHICH OF THESE IS PRIMARILY THE PHARAMCIST'S RESPONSIBILITY TO CONSIDER ?
A.RIGHT DRUG
B.RIGHT INDICATION
C.RIGHT DOSE
D.RIGHT TIME
C.RIGHT DOSE
MOST COMMON ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION -keep it simple
ENTERAL, PARENTERAL, AND PERCUTANEOUS
OXYCODONE, MORPHINES
WHICH DRUG SCHDEULE DOES THESE DRUGS BELONG TO.
SCHEDULE II
What is a ”handoff”?
The transition of patients during care
A nurse is teaching a patient about a new prescription. According to the source material, which drug names should the nurse use during the teaching session to ensure the patient's understanding and safety?
Generic and trade names
Using both names helps the patient identify the medication correctly across different contexts and labels.
During a teaching session, the nurse uses the term 'myocardial infarction' and the patient looks confused. Which principle of learning should the nurse apply?
Translate medical terms into language the patient understands.
Effective education requires using terms that match the patient's education level and ability to understand the content.
While conducting a patient admission assessment, the nurse interviews the patient's daughter regarding the patient's home medication regimen. What type of data source is the nurse utilizing?
Secondary source
Information obtained from relatives, significant others, or medical records is categorized as a secondary source.
While on rounds, a physician tells the nurse, 'Go ahead and give Mr. Smith 10 mg of morphine now for his pain.' What is the nurse's best response?
Obtain the chart and ask the physician to enter the order.
Asking the physician to place the order professionally clarifies policy and is the safest way to prevent transcription or communication errors.
A nurse has just finished preparing a patient's medications when an emergency occurs in another room. The nurse asks a colleague to give the medications to the patient. What should the colleague do?
Refuse to administer the medications.
Strict safety protocols dictate that the person who prepares the medication must be the one to administer it.
A nurse is prioritizing nursing diagnoses for a patient admitted with multiple health issues. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which diagnosis should be addressed as the highest priority?
Impaired gas exchange
Physiologic needs, such as breathing and oxygenation, must be met first according to Maslow's hierarchy.
A nurse notes a 'black box warning' on a medication package insert. What is the most accurate interpretation of this finding?
The drug has been found to have a very serious, life-threatening problem.
A black box warning is the strongest warning issued by the FDA to signify significant safety risks identified after the drug was marketed.
A patient experiences a severe allergic reaction after the first dose of a newly prescribed antibiotic. The nurse understands that for this reaction to occur, which of the following must be true?
The patient was previously exposed to the drug or a similar substance.
Allergic reactions occur when the immune system has previously developed antibodies against a drug following an earlier exposure.
A patient with a history of chronic pain reports that their usual dose of pain medication is no longer effective in managing their discomfort. The nurse suspects the patient has developed:
Drug tolerance
Tolerance occurs when the body becomes accustomed to a medication over time, resulting in a diminished effect at the previous dosage.
The nurse is preparing to provide discharge instructions to a patient who just returned from a painful diagnostic procedure. Which action should the nurse take first to ensure effective learning?
Assess and meet the patient's immediate physical needs, such as pain relief.
Basic needs must be met first because pain and discomfort act as significant barriers that interfere with the ability to process new information.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed opioid analgesic to a patient with severe post-operative pain. The drug is categorized as having a high potential for abuse but also has an accepted medical use in the United States. In which schedule would the nurse find this medication listed?
Schedule II
Drugs in this schedule have a high risk for abuse and dependency but are legally used for medical treatment under strict regulations.
A nurse is preparing to administer a new medication to a patient with a history of chronic liver disease. Which stage of the pharmacokinetics process (LADME) should the nurse prioritize for monitoring to prevent potential toxicity?
Metabolism
This stage is heavily dependent on enzyme systems, primarily in the liver, to chemically transform the drug.
A nurse receives an order for 'Tylenol #3 1 tablet every 6 hours as needed for incisional pain.' The nurse recognizes this as which type of medication order?
PRN order
A PRN order is administered only if the patient requires it for a specific symptom, such as pain.
When applying the nursing process to pharmacology, which step involves the nurse setting priorities based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Planning
Priority setting and the development of measurable goals occur during this phase of the nursing process.
A patient is being discharged with a new prescription for a blood thinner. What information is most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
A list of signs and symptoms that should be reported to the provider.
Patients must know what adverse effects to watch for to ensure they seek medical attention if complications arise.
An older adult patient is having difficulty focusing on the nurse's presentation in a bright room with a television playing in the background. Which environmental modification is most appropriate?
Reduce glare and eliminate background noise.
Environmental factors like lighting, glare, and noise significantly affect the learning experience for older adults.