ethics and morals
This ancient Greek word, from which "ethics" is derived, refers to moral purpose or character.
What is ethos
Psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg is known for developing this theory of how people cultivate reasoning skills over time.
What is the Stage Theory of Moral Development?
This moral theory evaluates actions based on consequences, aiming for the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
What is utilitarianism
This moral theory judges actions by their consequences and seeks the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
What is utilitarianism
This first level of Kohlberg’s theory is focused on avoiding punishment and acting out of self-interest.
What is preconventional morality?
This Latin term meaning "custom" is the root of the word "moral."
What is moralis
At this stage of Kohlberg’s moral development, individuals obey rules to avoid punishment.
What is Stage 1 – Preconventional morality?
Utilitarian calculus considers seven factors, including intensity, duration, and this factor, which measures how soon a pleasure or pain occurs.
What is propinquity
This philosopher was an early supporter of utilitarianism and helped develop utilitarian calculus.
Who is Jeremy Bentham
At this stage, individuals seek approval from others and want to be seen as a “good boy” or “nice girl.”
What is Stage 3 of conventional morality?
Aristotle believed that a moral person is also this.
What is happy
This stage is characterized by recognizing universal principles like justice and equality, sometimes called mature ethics.
What is Stage 6 – Postconventional morality?
This duty-based ethical theory, developed by Immanuel Kant, states you should act according to maxims that could become universal laws.
What is deontology
This German philosopher argued that moral rules must be universal and created the categorical imperative.
Who is Immanuel Kant?
This psychologist argued that Kohlberg’s theory was male-centered and proposed the care perspective.
Who is Carol Gilligan?
Values like compassion, forgiveness, and justice that benefit yourself and others are called this.
What are moral values
Psychologist Carol Gilligan criticized Kohlberg’s research for only studying this group.
Who are men
W.D. Ross described duties that are binding “at first sight” but can be overridden by more pressing duties. These are called this.
What are prima facie duties?
This philosopher believed morality is the most fundamental expression of our rational human nature and connected morality with happiness.
Who is Aristotle
This perspective, proposed by Carol Gilligan, suggests that women’s moral reasoning emphasizes caring relationships rather than abstract principles.
What is the care perspective
A moral argument must include at least one of these, which prescribes what ought to be done or what is morally right.
What is a prescriptive premise
Gilligan suggested that women’s moral reasoning is more context-oriented and focused on these types of relationships.
What are caring relationships
The moral theory that emphasizes character and virtues, rather than duties or consequences, is called this.
What is virtue ethics
This approach to ethics says moral standards are based on customs and public opinion within a society rather than universal principles.
What is cultural relativism?
This level of Kohlberg’s theory involves recognizing universal moral principles such as justice and equality, even if they conflict with the law.
What is postconventional
What is postconventional