Nervous System anatomy pt.3
The pituitary gland is regulated by what?
Hypothalamus
What is the somatic nervous system? What is the somatic nervous system a division of?
Part of the efferent division; Controls and regulates voluntary muscle
a sense of body position and movement thus allowing you to know where your limbs are without having to look is called?
proprioception
What is the autonomic nervous system and what does it control?
A division of the efferent division of the PNS, controls involuntary muscle and glands
What are visceral reflexes?
automatic motor responses initiated by internal stimuli to maintain homeostasis
What is the name of the backup route for blood flow if the primary route is blocked?
Circle of Willis
Does the somatic nervous system have sensory and motor pathways?
Yes; have to have sensory input to achieve motor output
What is the purpose of the choroid in eye anatomy and function?
Supplies nutrients to the retina
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Epinephrine is what type of autonomic drug?
What is the roman numeral for olfactory nerve? What is its function?
Cranial Nerve I; for smell
Sensation is the raw detection of a stimuli; perception is your brains interpretation of that stimuli
What are the functions of first, second, and third order neurons?
First-order; carries signals from receptors to the brain/spinal cord
second-order; carries signals from the brain/spinal cord to the thalamus
third order; carries signals from the thalamus to the appropriate cortex
What is the sympathetic nervous system and when is it activated? What about the parasympathetic nervous system?
Sympathetic; "fight or flight" - prepares the body for emergent or stressful situations
parasympathetic; "rest and digest" - is activated during recovery or relaxation
Pilocarpine and atropine are associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system
parasympathetic
What information is carried by the vestibulocochlear nerve? is this information sensory, motor, or mixed?
hearing and balance information; sensory
What are the different types of sensory receptors and what do each of then detect?
Mechanoreceptors; touch, vibration, stretch
Thermoreceptors; detect temperature
Nociceptors; detect tissue damage
chemoreceptors; detect chemicals/ chemical changes
Photoreceptors; detect light
What is decussation?
Crossing over of neural pathways (i.e left side of brain controls right side of body, vice versa)
The hypothalamus acts as what for the autonomic nervous system?
Major integration center for autonomic function
Is the increasing of heart rate and the dilation of airways associated with sympathetic or parasympathetic
sympathetic
What are the 3 structures that make up the brainstem and what are their functions?
Midbrain; visual and auditory reflexes
pons; relays signals between the cerebrum and cerebellum
medulla oblongata; contains vital reflex centers
What is the difference between encapsulated nerve endings and free nerve endings? Which is more sensitive, and which is more specialized?
Encapsulated nerve endings are covered by a connective tissue capsule and are more specialized; free nerve endings do not have a capsule and are more sensitive
Taste buds and olfactory receptors are what type of sensory receptors?
chemoreceptors
What are the 4 types of autonomic drugs, and what do each of them do?
Sympathomimetic; activates sympathetic nervous system
sympatholytic; blocks sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathomimetic; actives parasympathetic nervous system
parasympatholytic; blocks parasympathetic nervous system
Where does the sympathetic division originate from?
thoracic and lumbar spinal cord