Memory Types
What are the two "umbrella" memory types called?
Explicit (declarative), Implicit (nondeclarative)
Which memory type refers to knowledge of the world?
Semantic
Which type of amnesia prohibits the recall of old memories?
Retrograde amnesia
Why was this case study important (what did it tell us)?
What did the mirror-tracing task test for?
Implicit memories
Which memory type has to do with motor skills and cognition?
Procedural
What is perceptual memory?
Sensory information and priming (memory of a smell or subliminal priming)
Which parts of the cognitive memory model are impacted by retrograde amnesia? (2)
LTM, retrieval, or both
What types of amnesia did HM have? (5)
Permanent, explicit, LTM, antergrade, complete
What were H.M's specific memory deficits?
Long term memory only, explicit memory only, anterograde amnesia
What is episodic memory?
Memories you can declare through personally experienced events
What 2 terms refer to non-associative learning?
Habituation and sensitization
Which type of amnesia makes the patient unable to form new memories?
Anterograde amnesia
What was the mirror tracing task?
Participant had to trace a shape while looking at it indirectly through a mirror
How did H.M. perform in the mirror tracing task versus the normal population
HM was comparable to normal population
Classical, operant, and emotional conditioning
Give an example for semantic and episodic memory
Semantic: learning the steps of HPA activation
Episodic: memories of a past birthday party
Which 2 parts of the cognitive memory are impacted by anterograde amnesia?
STM, consolidation, or both
What did HM teach us about the hippocampus? (2 things)
2.) Hippocampus is solely responsible for consolidation
What was H.M's full name?
Henry Molaison
Name the 2 memory types under explicit and the 4 types under implicit
Explicit: Semantic and episodic
Implicit: Procedural, perceptual, associative learning, non-associative learning
Procedural: Automatic verbal expressions or riding a bike
Perceptual: memory of a smell or subliminal priming
Associative learning: anticipating a reward based on past experience
Non-associative learning: becoming less responsive to living near a noisy train station
What are the 5 baseline types of amnesia? (__ vs __)
1.) Temporary vs. peramanent
2.) Explicit or implicit
3.) STM or LTM deficits
4.) Retrograde or antergrade
5.) Partial or complete
What was the timeline of HM's disorder?
1.) Bicycle accident at age 9
2.) Age 10-16: Minor seizures
3.) Age 16-27: Weekly grand mal seizures
4.) Age 27: Bilateral hippocampal resection
What is the significance of the mirror tracing task findings?
Showed that hippocampus has nothing to do with implicit memories