Presentation
A patient is presenting in a vertex position. What part of the fetus is leading?
The occiput.
In vertex presentation, the occiput is the presenting part, which is ideal for delivery.
What defines the onset of true labor?
Regular uterine contractions with cervical change.
What is the first movement in the mechanism of labor?
Engagement
Engagement is when the fetal head enters the pelvic inlet.
What does 'effacement' refer to?
Thinning of the cervix.
What does a Category I FHR tracing indicate?
Normal and reassuring.
In a transverse fetal lie, which fetal part typically presents first?
The shoulder.
What marks the end of the first stage of labor?
Complete cervical dilation (10 cm).
What fetal movement helps reduce the diameter of the presenting part?
Flexion.
Flexion allows the smallest diameter of the head to pass through.
Define 'station' in labor terminology.
The position of the fetal presenting part in relation to the ischial spines.
What does a late deceleration suggest?
Uteroplacental insufficiency.
What does it mean if a fetus is in a breech presentation?
The buttocks or feet are presenting.
During what stage of labor is the placenta delivered?
Third stage
What movement aligns the fetal head with the maternal pelvis?
Internal rotation.
This rotation positions the head for descent through the birth canal.
What is 'lightening'?
The fetus descends into the pelvis before labor begins.
What is variability in fetal heart rate?
Fluctuations in the baseline FHR.
What is general flexion in fetal attitude?
The fetal chin is tucked to the chest.
What is the fourth stage of labor?
The immediate postpartum recovery period.
What occurs when the head passes under the pubic bone and is born?
Extension.
Extension is the outward movement of the head after internal rotation.
What is the Ferguson reflex?
Urge to push triggered by fetal pressure on the pelvic floor.
What is a Montevideo unit?
Measurement of contraction strength during labor.
What does a negative fetal station indicate?
The presenting part is above the ischial spines.
When does the second stage of labor start?
At full dilation and ends with delivery of the baby.
What is restitution in labor?
Realignment of the fetal head with the shoulders after birth.
What is molding?
Overlapping of fetal skull bones during birth.
What does the TOCO monitor measure?
Frequency and duration of contractions.