Motor Learning vs. Performance
What is motor performance?
Observable behaviour at a specific moment in time
What is functional plasticity?
A short-term change in synaptic strength
What is improvement?
What is a linear performance curve?
It shows the constant state of improvement over time
What is positive transfer?
Facilitation of learning a new skill as a result of previous learning on another skill
What is motor learning?
Changes in a set of internal processes
leads to a relatively permanent change in performance
occurs with practice and experience
must be inferred (NOT readily observable)
What is declarative memory?
The type of memory that stores facts and events
What is persistence?
Performance lasts over increasing periods of time
What is a positively accelerating curve?
Slow early learning, then rapid improvement
What is near transfer
type of transfer of learning that occurs from 1 task to another very similar task or situation
Distinction between performance and learning
Performance:
- observable behaviour
- may represent only temporary changes in behaviour
- may not be due to practice
- influenced by performance variables
Learning:
- Inferred from performance and cannot be observed directly
- Relatively permanent changes in behaviour
- due to practice
- not influenced by performance variables
What is procedural memory?
What is a transfer test?
A test where a skill is performed in a new context or variation
What is a performance plateau?
A temporary period of no improvement before further gains
What are elements that can transfer?
Movement Elements: motor patterns leading to correct performance
Perceptual elements: interpretation of stimuli leading to correct performance
Conceptual elements: guidelines or strategies leading to correct performance
How to infer motor learning?
4 performance characteristics
improvement, consistency, persistence, adaptability
Who is Patient H.M.?
This famous patient could learn motor skills despite not forming new declarative memories
What is a negatively accelerating curve?
This type of performance curve shows a large initial improvements that slow down later
Motivation, Attention, Arousal, Fatigue, New Strategy, Measurement technique
Changes in these variables may influence your performance and not allow you to see if improvement occurs
What is far transfer?
type of transfer of learning that occurs from 1 task to another very different task or situation
What is misinterpreting performance as learning?
Performance plateau's
- learner experiences consistent improvement, no improvement (PLEATEAU), then experiences further improvement
Motivation, attention, arousal, fatigue, new strat, measurement technique
What are encoding, consolidation, and retrieval?
How do you infer motor learning?
improvement, consistency, persistence, adaptability
What is an S-shaped curve?
Shows slow initial progress, a rapid improvement phase, then a plateau
What is the GOAL?
Promote positive transfer: Analyze the skill, get to know learner, make sure the skills you will refer to are well-learned, determine the cost-benefit trade off, point out similarities and differences, and maximize similarities between practice and performance or competition