Level 1
Are there nucleoli in the cytoplasm?
No
How many layers of cells would a pseudostratified epithelium possess?
One layer of cells
True or False - The epidermis is vascularized (contains blood vessels)
False
What are desmosomes?
Structures in cell membrane that firmly anchor neighboring cells together
What are the three components of connective tissue?
Cells, fibers, and ground substance
The lungs are _____ to the heart.
Lateral
What are cell inclusions?
diverse intracellular nonliving substances
What are the two types of Endocytosis?
Phagocytosis - solids (bacteria, fungi, viruses)
Pinocytosis - fluids (nutrients, ions, water)
Hemoglobin is a pigment that presents as which color?
Red or a rusty color
Where is fat present or most prominent (hypodermis, dermis, or epidermis)?
Hypodermis
In which body cavity is the heart located?
Ventral/Thoracic cavity
In which type of connective tissue are lacunae found?
Cartilage
Tendons are composed of which connective tissue?
Dense regular
What are the two steps of protein synthesis?
1 - Transcription
2 - Translation
Where or when is the stratum lucidum present?
Thick skin only (hands & feet)
What does facilitated diffusion require?
Carrier or channel protein
Which vitamin is the cutaneous membrane known for absorbing?
Vitamin D
What are two ways that Melonoma might be recognized?
Irregular shape or color
What are these membranes known for?
Mucus, Serous, Synovial, Cutaneous
Mucus: areas exposed to outside (respiratory, GI tract)
Serous: Parietal & Visceral
Synovial: Joints
Cutaneous: Skin
How do the following glands differ?
Sebaceous, Salivary, Sweat, and Thyroid
Sebaceous = lubrication & protection
Salivary = digestion
Sweat = cooling body
Thyroid = metabolism regulation
How does passive transport differ from active transport?
Passive transport does not require ATP
What is the function of keratin?
Provides strength, protection, and resilience
What is the difference between regeneration and scarring?
Regeneration - new tissue is identical and has same function as original tissue
Scarring - restores structural integrity but often has impaired function compared to the original tissue
How many valence electrons does Shell 2 possess?
8 electrons
What are the 5 layers of the epidermis in order (superficial to deep)?
Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale