Macromolecules Part 1
How many bonds can carbon form?
Four
What are the four macromolecules?
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cell?
No membrane-bound organelles and cell wall vs. membrane-bound organelles and no cell wall
Light vs. Scanning Electron Microscope?
Visible Light vs. Beam of Electrons
Name of model to describe plasma membrane?
Fluid mosaic model
Hydrolysis vs. Dehydration Synthesis?
Breaking molecules down with water vs. Building molecules up by losing water
Monosaccharide vs. Disaccharide vs. Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide = 1; Disaccharide = 2; Polysaccharide = Many
Function of Endomembrane System?
Synthesize, modify, package, and transport proteins
2 elements unique to plants (vs. animal cell)?
Cell wall and chloroplast
Diffusion-movement of substance vs. Osmosis-movement of water
Building block for lipids?
fatty acid and glycerol
Building block for protein and specific bond formed?
Amino acid; peptide bond
3 tenets of cell theory?
Cells are basic unit of life; all living organisms are made of cells; cells came from pre-existing cells
Simple vs. Facilitated Diffusion?
Non-polar molecules passing directly through plasma membrane vs. Polar molecules passing through channel and carrier proteins
Building block for carbohydrate and specific bond formed?
Monosaccharide; glycosidic bond
Building block for nucleic acids and specific bond formed?
Nucleotide; Phosphodiester bond
All cells have what 4 components?
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA and ribosomes
3 elements unique to animal cells (vs. plant cells)?
No cell wall; centrosomes; lysosomes
Passive vs. Active Transport
no energy vs. energy required
DNA vs. RNA?
Answers vary; e.g. deoxyribose vs. ribose sugar; double stranded vs. single stranded; Thymine vs. Uracil
4 levels of protein structure?
Primary (sequence of amino acids), Secondary (a-helix and B-pleated sheets), Tertiary (chemical interactions), and Quaternary (subunits interacting)
4 types of junctions in plant and animal cells?
Plant: Plasmodesmata; Animal: Tight junction, Desmosomes, and Gap junction
2 organelles involved in endosymbiont theory AND 2 pieces of evidence?
Organelles: Mitochondria and Chloroplast. Evidence: DNA and ribosomes.
Phagocytosis; Pinocytosis; Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis