CH13
These internal receptors monitor conditions like pH, CO2 and stretch in organs.
What are interoceptors?
These receptors respond to norepinephrine and epinephrine and are found in sympathetic targets.
What are adrenergic receptors?
This part of the inner ear is responsible for detecting static equilibrium.
What is the vestibule?
Which autonomic drug type is used to treat glaucoma by constricting the pupil?
What are muscarinic agents?
This condition causes excessive vasoconstriction in response to cold or stress.
What is Raynauds disease?
This reflex causes a muscle to relax when under too much tension.
What is the tendon reflex?
Where does the sympathetic division originate in the spinal cord?
What is the thoracolumbar region?
This part of the retina contains only cones and is responsible for sharp vision.
What is the fovea centralis?
Name three physiological effects of sympathetic activation.
Increased heart rate, dilated pupils, inhibited digestion.
The adrenal medulla releases these two substances during sympathetic activation.
What are epinephrine and norepinephrine?
If a patient loses only motor function, but sensory input is intact, this structure may be damaged.
What is the ventral root?
Name the brain structure that serves as the main integration center for autonomic functions.
What is the hypothalamus?
This age-related condition leads to gradual hearing loss.
What is presbycusis?
What is the origin of the parasympathetic division in the CNS?
What is the craniosacral region?
What type of receptor is found on the adrenal medulla and always causes excitation?
What is a nicotinic receptor?
This structure processes sensory input before perception and involves circuit-level processing.
What is the thalamus?
Name three specific parasympathetic effects on organ function.
Decreased heart rate, increased digestion, pupil constriction.
This ringing in the ears may be a symptom of auditory nerve damage.
What is tinnitus?
This nerve controls the diaphragm and comes from the cervical plexus.
What is the phrenic nerve?
The brachial plexus gives rise to these three major nerves.
What are the median, ulnar, and radial nerves?
This cranial nerve is tested using the corneal reflex.
What is the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Beta-blockers reduce heart rate by blocking this specific type of receptor.
What are beta-adrenergic receptors?
The difference between these two types of deafness lies in the damage to receptors or mechanical conduction.
What are sensorineural and conduction deafness?
This reflex helps regulate blood pressure via baroreceptors and autonomic adjustment.
What is the baroreceptor reflex?
A reflex in which one limb withdraws while the opposite extends.
What is the crossed-extensor reflex?