intro to a&p
what is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy = structure (“What is it?”)
Physiology = function (“What does it do?”)
what level do atoms combine to form molecules
chemical level
study of cells is called?
cytology
is split through the medial portion of the cavity and separates from the left and right side
what is a median plane
These “rivets” anchor cells together to resist mechanical stress; cadherins and plaques are key parts.
What are desmosomes?
-help protect internal organs
-viscera are surrounded by serous membranes
body cavities
Anything that occupies space and has mass is called this.
What is matter?
engulf cell debris foreign matter and microorganisms in concept with the immune response
what are macrophages
consists of the upper (nose through larynx) and lower respiratory tract (trachea through the air spaces of the lungs)
what is the respiratory system
These junctions create a seal to prevent paracellular leakage between epithelial cells.
What are tight junctions?
Put these in order from smallest → largest: cell, tissue, organ, atom, organ system, molecule, organism.
Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism
The number of protons in an atom defines its ____.
What is the atomic number?
These three features are shared by most human cells; mature erythrocytes are a classic exception to one of them.
What are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus; and what is the exception
every cell has the same three materials except one, name the one
mature red blood cells
Name the two big umbrellas for membrane transport—one requires cellular energy, one doesn’t.
What are active transport and passive transport?
This term describes the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment.
What is homeostasis?
A radioactive isotope can be used for this diagnostic purpose in medicine.
What is medical imaging/tracing (diagnostic isotope use)?
This model says the membrane is dynamic—phospholipids and proteins move laterally like boats in a sea.
What is the fluid mosaic model?
In the anatomical position, the palms face this direction.
anterior
Net movement of molecules from high to low concentration is called this
What is facilitated diffusion?
During childbirth, oxytocin release increases uterine contractions—a classic example of this kind of feedback.
What is positive feedback?
In this bond, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
What is an ionic bond?
Cholesterol’s main role in the plasma membrane is to modulate these two physical properties, especially across temperature changes.
What are membrane fluidity and stability (rigidity)? → Cholesterol buffers fluidity and reduces permeability.
The heart is located in this cavity within the thoracic cavity.
What is the pericardial cavity?
Increasing temperature and concentration gradient generally does this to diffusion rate.
Primary uses ATP; secondary uses an ion gradient (often Na⁺).