Eastern Ancient states
Where was the Fertile Crescent located?
Between the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers
Which animals did they domesticate?
oxens and donkeys
What range of years is known as the Greek colonisation period?
800 – 500 BC
Greek colonies were often established to gain access to this important resource needed for trade and population growth…
the land
The earliest advanced civilizations arosed in the region known as…
the Fertile Crescent
An ancient writing system from the Middle East, named for the wedge-shaped marks made by pressing a stylus into clay – first writing system in history was…
The Cuneiform writing
What was the main reason of Greek colonisation?
Overpopulation in Greek mainland (there was also not enough food to feed the growing population)
This body of water saw extensive Greek colonisation, including settlements such as Massalia and Syracuse. What it is?
the Mediterranean Sea
Briefly describe conditions in the Fertile Crescent…
extremely fertile soil, which allowed people to grow crops and harvest up to three times a year
Mesopotamians are known for their “_______” which were massive, terraced pyramid-like structures made of mud brick, serving as temples dedicated to deities.
ziggurats
How were colonies governed?
Colonies were governed mostly in the same way as a normal Greek polis. They would become their own self-governing city-states, trading with the rest of Greece (their parent cities and other colonies).
Which colonies were established in Northern Africa?
Carthage, Kyrene, Naucratis…
What is their lasting legacy on modern civilization?
Many Eastern ancient states influenced the modern world by developing organized governments, major religions, and systems of learning that are still followed today.
What was the Hammurabi’s Code? Describe it…
First known written code of law. It was created by Babylonian king called Hammurabi in around 1754 BC. It is known for establishing the “an eye for an eye” justice principle. It consists of 282 laws covering a wide range of subjects, including family matters, property, and criminal justice. Established rules on justice, trade, property, and family. It helped to maintain order and unify the empire.
Give at least another 3 reasons for colonisation
Commerical reasons – new markets for products from the mother city
Strategic reasons – control over important strategic areas
Political and civil conflicts – individuals or groups sent into exile
General spirit – Greeks were adventurous travellers
This French coastal city was originally the Greek colony of Massalia. What’s the modern-day name for this city?
Marseille
Name at least 7 Eastern Ancients states…
Mesopotamia, Sumer, Old & New Babylonian Empire, Akkadian Empire, Assyrian Empire, Phoenicia, Ancient Palestine, Persian Empire
What was sexagesimal system?
It is a base-60 place-value system that is a base for modern timekeeping (60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour) and angle measurement.
This Greek city-state founded many colonies in Southern Italy and Sicily, an area later known as Magna Graecia.
Corinth
What is an oikist?
Greek colonies were usually founded by a leader also known as oikisit