CITATION BASICS
This series of punctuation marks should never be used to begin a quotation
What is an ellipsis?
The proper full citation for Title thirty-two, section nineteen of the United States Code as of 2023
What is 32 U.S.C. § 19 (2023)?
This is the Bluebook citation for the Supreme Court case Hearst Corporation versus Pepsico, Incorporated on page 123, volume 199 of the official reporter, and was decided in 2001.
What is Hearst Corp. v. Pepsico, Inc., 199 U.S. 123 (2001)?
The citation for the book published in 2003 titled Justice for Women and written by Kevin M. Bacon
What is Kevin M. Bacon, Justice for Women (2003)?
The abbreviation for the official reporter that publishes U.S. Supreme Court cases
What is U.S.?
This typeface is required for certain academic citations but may be used for style in non-academic citations
What is Large and Small Caps?
The citation for section 3 of the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America
What is U.S. Const. amend. XIII, § 3?
The citation for Poonam Sidhu versus Catie Cheek heard before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in 2013 and published in the Federal Reporter Third Series in volume 32, starting on page 99
What is Sidhu v. Cheek, 32 F.3d 99 (9th Cir. 2013)?
The citation for the entry business judgment rule found on page 712 of the ninth edition of Black's Law Dictionary, published in 2009
What is Business Judgment Rule, Black’s Law Dictionary 712 (9th ed. 2009)?
The abbreviation for a journal titled Policy Quarterly.
What is Pol'y Q.?
Citing multiple subdivisions in the same citation may require this
What are two section symbols (§§) or two paragraph symbols?
The citation for section 211.14 of the Michigan Compiled Laws as published in 1983
What is Mich. Comp. Laws § 211.14 (1983)?
The citation for Gary Busey versus Bret Michaels, reported in 245th volume of the Federal Supplement (Second Series) on page 267, decided in the court for the Western District of Michigan in 2011, which is citing pages 268 to 301
What is Busey v. Michaels, 245 F. Supp. 2d 267, 268-301 (W.D. Mich. 2011)?
The citation for the third edition of the book titled "Federal Practice and Procedure" written by Orlando James Bloom and Kiera G. Knightly, which is the third edition of their book written in 2011
What is Orlando J. Bloom & Kiera G. Knightly, Federal Practice and Procedure (3d ed. 2011)?
The abbreviation for the city of Philadelphia.
What is Phila.?
This internal reference may not be used for cases, statutes, or constitutions
What is supra?
The proper citation for sections 104 to 107 of Title 10 of the United States Code, but found in the United States Code Service and published in 1992 on Lexis
What is 10 U.S.C.S. §§ 104-07 (LexisNexis 1992)?
Env't Def. Fund v. EPA, 465 F.2d 528, 533 (D.C. Cir. 1972) should appear this way in a textual sentence
What is Environmental Defense Fund v. EPA?
This is the Bluebook citation for an article that appeared in the University of California, Los Angeles Law Review in 2010 in volume 23 on page 12, which was written by James Bradley McAvoy and was titled "Mediation as a Preferred Method of Dispute Resolution"
What is James B. McAvoy, Mediation as a Preferred Method of Dispute Resolution, 23 UCLA L. Rev. 12 (2010)?
This is the abbreviated title for an Administrative Law Judge
What is A.L.J.?
These should be "closed up" when adjacent to each other in a citation
What are single capital letters?
What is U.S. Const. art. I, § 3, cl. 1, amended by U.S. Const. amend. XXI?
This should appear after the date but before any explanatory parenthetical in a case citation
What is a Weight of Authority parenthetical?
The citation for subsections one through three of section 101 of the Restatement Second of Contracts, which was published in 1981
What is Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 101(1)-(3) (Am. L. Inst. 1981)?
This is the Bluebook abbreviation for "preambles"
What is pmbls.?