U3, AoS1
Standard of Proof in a Criminal Case
Beyond Reasonable Doubt
Party that has the burden of proof in a Civil case
Plaintiff
The 2 houses of the Commonwealth Parliament
House of Representatives & Senate
One way INDIVIDUALS or groups can influence law reform
- Petitions
- Demonstrations
- Use of the courts
Largest mammal
Blue whale
Specialisation and appeals
Three criteria for a class action
A legal proceeding in which a group of seven or more people who have a claim against the same person based on similar or related facts on the same point of law bring that claim to court in the name of one person
3 law-making powers of the state and Commonwealth parliaments
Exclusive, Concurrent and Residual powers
One recent inquiry of the VLRC
Stalking
What continent has the highest population?
Asia
3 rights of an accused
Right to be tried without unreasonable delay, the right to silence, the right to trial by jury
Provide 3 types of remedies
Damages - Specific or general
Injunctions - Restrictive or mandatory
The 5 ways a judge can treat precedent
Following, Reversing, Overruling, Distinguishing and Disapproving
What is the usual way VLRC will begin a new inquiry?
The Attorney-General will give the VLRC a terms of reference
What year was the iPhone first released
2007
5 purposes of sanctions
Rehabilitation, punishment, deterrence (general and specific), denunciation and protection
Identify and explain one factor to consider before initiating a civil claim
Costs - how it impacts FEA
Time - how it impacts FEA
Cultural Differences
Two Features of the relationship between courts and parliament
- Supremacy of parliament
- Ability of courts to influence parliament
- Codification of common law
- Abrogation of common law
3 reasons for constitutional law reform
Recognise first nations people
Limiting or expanding commonwealth powers
Increasing protection of rights
Reform Australia's political system
In what country was the caeser salad invented?
a)Italy
b)The US
c) Poland
d)Mexico
mexico
Two reasons when it is and isn't appropriate for a plea negotiation
•Why would it be appropriate, e.g. if the prosecution’s case was stronger, the offender is willing to cooperate plead guilty
•Why it wouldn’t be appropriate, e.g. if the accused is not willing, if the party is self-represented, family/victim don't agree
Identify and explain a factor that impacts the achievement of the principles of justice in a civil case
Costs, limitation of actions and enforcement issues
Discuss using two strengths and two weaknesses a means by which the Australian Constitution acts as a check on parliament in law-making
- High Court in protecting the principle of representative government
- Separation of powers
- express protection of rights
Identify the 2 referendums referring to First Nations people and explain one
1967 & 2023
What Australian symbol can be found on the 50-cent coin
Coat of arms with kangaroo and emu