Citation etc definitions
An additional citation where you can find the same written material in the library or online
What is a parallel cite?
When do you need to use a full citation?
What is when you cite to a source for the first time in your brief, and ONLY the first time you cite the source. After that, only short cites.
When does ordering authorities matter?
What is in a string citation?
The latin term Id. means or is short for
What is idem, meaning same?
Any primary or secondary authority that is not binding but that could be relief on by a court because it finds the authority helpful in reaching its decision.
What is persuasive authority?
The type of reporters that are printed by commercial publishing companies without special authority from the government.
What is an unofficial reporter?
What are the six parts to a standard case citation, in order?
What is the Case name, reporter volume, reporter abbreviation, initial page number, (pinpoint page is optional), court abbreviation, date?
A long sequential list of legal authorities- such as court cases, statutes or regulations provided together to support a single legal proposition. Lawyers string them together to prove weight or consistency of a legal argument.
What is a string cite (citation)?
The term supra means
What is "above" or has already been mentioned in the text of the opinion (referring back to a full citation)?
A law written by one of the three branches of government is...
What is Primary authority?
What is the court's answer to one of the legal issues in the case.
What is a holding or a ruling?
What is the best reporter to use when citing a Supreme Court case?
United States Reporter
What comes first in a string citation, a statute or a case?
A statute
The term infra means
What is referring to below, to refer to discussions or footnotes later in the article? (See infra, Part VI).
It references a specific page within a opinion that you are citing.
What is a pinpoint cite?
A reporter that is printed by or under the authority of the government.
What is an official reporter?
Examining citations in a document to determine their accuracy such as whether the format of the citation is correct, whether a parallel cite is needed, whether quoted material is accurately quoted, and whether the cited law is still valid.
What is cite checking?
Which of these citations should appear first in a string cite?
Levy ex rel. B.L., 964 F.3d 170, 172 (3d Cir. 2020)
Morse v. Frederick, 551 U.S. 393, 395 (2007)
Morse goes first because it’s a Supreme Court case
True or false- you should cite the official code if available.
What is True?
What is the short citation format for the First Amendment?
Trick question: There is none!. Just repeat the full citation (U.S. Const. Amend. I.).
A volume or set of court opinions.
What is a reporter? (also called case reports).
The abbreviated citation format of an authority for which you have already provided a complete citation earlier in the document.
What is short-form citation?
How do you order multiple cases from different jurisdictions (i.e. different circuits) but the same court (i.e. all appellate court cases)?
Most recent to oldest (reverse chronological order)
Primary authority in your jurisdiction that must be followed.
A nonlaw that summarizes, describes, or explains the law but is not a law itself.
What is secondary authority?