Speech Acts
What is the term for asking someone to do something in a polite way?
Making a request.
In which culture is indirectness particularly valued: Japan, the US, or Germany?
Japan.
What do we call phrases like "Could you possibly" or "I was wondering if"?
Hedging.
What is pragmatics?
The study of how context influences the interpretation of meaning.
What is one activity teachers can use to teach pragmatics?
Dialogue analysis.
What is the speech act used to express regret for a mistake or wrongdoing?
Apology.
In American culture, which speech act is often accompanied by small talk?
Making a request.
What is the politeness strategy used in this example: "Would you mind lending me a pen?"
Negative politeness (minimizing imposition).
What term refers to the ability to use language appropriately in various social contexts?
Pragmatic competence.
What is a discourse completion task?
An activity where students complete a conversation in a way that fits the social context
Identify the speech act in this example: "You should be more careful next time."
Giving advice.
Why might a direct approach be considered impolite in some cultures?
It may violate norms of politeness or formal interaction.
Give an example of an indirect way to say "close the door."
"It’s a bit drafty in here, isn’t it?"
What is one major challenge teachers face when teaching pragmatics?
Lack of training in teacher education programs.
Why might some teachers feel underprepared to teach pragmatics?
Limited focus on pragmatics in teacher education programs.
How do we call a speech act where a person denies an invitation politely?
Refusal.
How does the concept of saving face influence communication in East Asian cultures?
It encourages indirectness to avoid embarrassing others or oneself.
When addressing a professor, why might a student say, "I’m sorry to bother you, but could I ask a question?"
To show respect and minimize imposition.
Name one teaching activity that helps develop students' pragmatic competence.
Role-play.
How can teachers help students practice making polite refusals?
Through role-plays simulating formal and informal scenarios.
What is the difference between a direct and an indirect speech act?
Direct speech acts state the speaker's intention clearly (e.g., "Close the door"), while indirect acts imply the intention (e.g., "It’s cold in here.").
Describe a situation in English where indirectness is culturally preferred.
Making a polite refusal to a superior, e.g., "I’ll try my best, but I might not be able to make it."
Why might someone use indirect language in formal settings?
To maintain politeness, soften demands, or respect social hierarchy.
Why is teaching pragmatics important for communication?
It helps students use language appropriately in diverse social situations.
What strategy can teachers use to make pragmatics lessons more effective?
Integrating cultural discussions and context-specific examples.