Lesson 4

Agentive Particle

100

The main function of an agentive particle is to make an adverb. (T/F)

False. It is to indicate an agent. 

200

What are the three uses of the agentive particle?

Agent (of transitive verb)/instrument/adverb

300

སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བཀས་ཆོས་བསྟན་ནོ། indicates agent/instrument/adverb

instrument.

400

What verbs get agentive particles to indicate an agent?

Transitive verbs, verbs of perception (and sometimes verbs of movement?)

Imperative mood

100

The imperative mood expresses a command. (T/F)

True

200

What are the three spellings of the imperative particle?

ཅིག   ཞིག   ཤིག

300

What is the meaning of ཤོག or རྒྱུར་ཅིག་?

May it be! 

400

What is the meaning of བསོད་ནམས་འཕེལ་བར་ཤོག?

May merit increase!

funky intransitives

100

intransitive verbs can be volitional or involitional. (T/F)

True

200

Is "going" transitive or intransitive?

intransitive

300

Name one of the exceptions to the structure intransitive verbs.

verb of perception, verb of emotion, need, obtain.

400

ཁོང་གིས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཐོང་ངོ། Is this transitive or intransitive?

Intransitive. He saw the ocean. 

More Agentive particles

100

An instrument is usually a sentient being (T/F)

False. 

200

རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཆོས་བསྟན་ནོ། indicates agent/instrument/adverb

adverb

300

སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ཆོས་བསྟན་ནོ། indicates agent/instrument/adverb

agent

400

what is the meaning of བདག་གིས་སྟོང་པ།? 

Empty of self. (lit. empty by self)

Miscellaneous

100

པ། or བ། is added to verbs to make nouns. (T/F)

True. 

e.g. ཤེས་པ། = knowledge.

200

what is the difference between སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ། and སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་བསྟན།?

"the teaching of the buddha" vs. "the buddha taught"

300

What is the particle (if any) used for the vocative case?

None. 

400

Does "need" need a ལ་དོན། particle?

yes.