Charles Martel & Battle of Tour
Where was Charles Martel from?
Kingdom of Franks, in modern day France
What is idolatry?
Worshipping false gods called idols
Where did Boniface do missionary work?
Germany
What was Boniface’s last mission?
To preach and baptize the people in Freisland
What religion was dominant in the Kingdom of Franks?
Christianity
Why was Charles nicknamed “Martel”?
Means “the hammer” because he repeatedly drove the Muslims out of the Kingdom of the Franks
What are icons?
Types of items such as statues, paintings, crosses
Where was Boniface originally from?
Medieval kingdom of Wessex or modern England
What tradition is used worldwide today that likely was influenced by Boniface?
Christmas tree
What was Charles Martel’s role or status?
Duke, prince and mayor
Where did Charles battle the Muslims?
Between the towns of Tours and Poitiers
What does iconoclast mean?
Image breaker - destroyers of icons or images
Who did Boniface share the gospel with?
King Radbod of Friesland
How did Bonfiface die?
By being brutally attacked by pagan mob in Freisland
What happened to Empress Irene?
Exiled by her son, then returned to get rid of him and rule another 5 years before being exiled by the army.
What were the consequences of the Battle of Tours?
The Muslim faith did not spread to Europe.
What did Emperor Leo III edict about icons?
To destroy and paint over all icons, statues and paintings in churches.
How did Boniface defy or challenge the god of the people in Hesse?
Cutting down their tree god to save a prince who would be killed as a sacrifice
What did Emperor Constantine V do?
Continue his father’s edict but more cruelly with torture
Why was Charles Martel’s intentions unclear?
He supported Boniface and the Gospel spreading but desired political power at other times.
What happened to the Muslim invaders after the Battle of Tours?
Went back to their kingdom of Cordoba for another 700 years and continued to keep attacking Francia.
What did Empress Irene do?
Allowed images if recognized as SEPARATE from God Himself.
How did Boniface try to preach the gospel to pagans?
By using analogies and examples such as the evergreen tree and kegels and heides.
What was the Reformation?
Second version of Iconoclast controversy in response to Renaissance.
Who renamed Winfrid to Boniface?
the Pope