Importance of Vocab
The words whose meanings one can recognize when reading or listening to others speak.
What is receptive vocabulary?
As the focus of text reading shifts toward vocabulary and comprehension, what two things should the instruction call attention to in a new word?
What is pronunciation and spelling?
Most students know these words. They are basic, common vocabulary that children learn early and they are important for high-risk learners and ELs. They are usually known by students with normal language development.
What are Tier 1 words?
The natural way that the mind associates information.
What is classification?
This can be a powerful antidote to the effects of impoverished home language environments.
What is classroom discourse, or the quality of teacher's oral language?
The words one uses in speaking and writing.
What is expressive vocabulary?
Teachers help students establish high-quality elaborated mental connections in memory as they learn words in these two ways.
What is giving opportunities for multiple encounters with words, and direct, planned, explicit teaching of selected words?
These are examples of these type of words: squall, bonnet, conch, dune.
What are Tier 3 words?
The focus of a classification activity should be on this, not basic definitions.
What is word relationships?
Selecting a "word of the day" and promoting its use throughout the day.
Wearing a word.
Collecting, cataloguing, and posting examples of vivid or meaningful terms.
Locating examples of new words used in other contexts out of class.
Assigning students roles as language detectives, whose job is to notice and describe different ways that people express similar thoughts.
Awarding checks or points to students who are "caught" using a chosen word or words in conversation or class discussions.
Hold a "Words in Action" assembly.
The brain's storehouse of words previously heard, but not necessarily understood.
What is phonological lexicon?
Three main mechanisms for incidental word learning are responsible for vocabulary growth beyond the specific instructional activities that teachers devise.
What is:
1. Listening to the language of caregivers and other family and community members.
2. Being read to
3. Reading independently
Words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation, such as problem and problema.
What is a cognate?
Direct and explicit teaching of words involves much more than looking up definitions in a dictionary, or matching definitions to unknown words. Two ways that you might introduce a new word.
What is:
1. Pronounce the word, write, and read it.
2. Tell students what the new word means, using a student-friendly definition.
3. Elicit word use by students.
4. Frayer Model
5. Use the word in multiple contexts.
6. Ask questions about the word.
In order for a student to learn the meaning of a word, they need this.
What is 10-12 exposures to words used in multiple contexts.
Language and vocabulary foundations are established at this time.
What is the first three years of life?
Network of meanings activated when a word is heard or read.
What is a semantic map?
This type of language needs to be explicitly taught, especially to students who are learning English as a second language, who are concrete or literal in their interpretation of language.
What is figurative language?
In order for a student to "own" a word for speaking and writing, this must occur.
What is multiple exposures to the word?
Ible, able, ity, ous, ive, ative.
What are examples of suffixes?
In order to be a strong, proficient reader, both of these things must be present.
What is Word Recognition and Language Comprehension?
Research shows that when thinking about vocabulary, this is more strongly related to reading comprehension.
What is breadth of vocabulary (The quantity of words about which students may know something)?
2 out of 5 ways a teacher may select words for teaching.
What is:
1. Choosing words that a student probably does not know.
2. Choosing words that are critical for understanding the text they are reading.
3. Choosing words that are likely to be found in other readings.
4. Teaching words that are abstract and difficult to learn without explicit instruction.
5. Choosing and focusing on 3-5 words pers reading selection.
Two ways you might do a classification activity in your classroom.
What is:
-Have students name an object or picture and sort it into a set of buckets or baskets that represent different categories.
-Pass out index cards with words on them to individual students to be categorized with categories written.
-Show students a list of words that go together and ask them to decide what the name of the category should be. (Guess my rule).
-Give students words and let them categorize them and explain their thinking.
4 strategies to build vocabulary.
What is:
Partner Chatter
Four-Square (Frayer Model)
Select and Connect
Teachers' verbal behavior
Morphological analysis
Scaling Shades of Meaning Among Synonyms
Semantic Feature Analysis