A View Of Life
What is biology?
The study of life
What are organic compounds?
Compounds of which backbone are built of carbon atoms
What is the basic unit of life?
The Cell
What is the function of the cell membrane?
To separate the cell from its external environment
What is exocytosis?
Vesicles export large molecules by the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane
What is a hypothesis?
A tentative explanation for observations or phenomena
Name the 4 macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Lipids
What kind of cell has non-membrane bound organelles?
The prokaryote
What is the structure of a phospholipid?
A hydrophilic polar head and 2 hydrophobic non-polar fatty acid chains
What is the main Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC) in animal cells?
The centrosome, containing two centrioles each
Define DNA
A molecule that makes up genes
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
A chemical process where a water molecule is used to break down a larger molecule into smaller components
Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
The nucleoid
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water-The net movement of water from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids do not have any double bonds and therefore contain the maximum number of hydrogens.
Unsaturated fatty acids include one or more double bonds.
Name 3 of the 6 characteristics of life
–Are composed of cells
–Grow and develop
–Regulate their metabolic processes
–Respond to stimuli
–Reproduce
–Adapt to the environment
What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
The primary energy molecule of all cells
What is the cell theory?
•Cells are the basic living units of organization and function in all organisms
•All cells come from other cells
•All living cells have a common origin
What are aquaporins?
Gated water channels that allow rapid transport of water through the plasma membrane
What is the purpose of folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
To increase surface area for chemical reactions
What are the 5 levels of organisms in order?
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
What are the 3 most common polysaccharides?
Starches
Glycogen
Cellulose
What type of cells are peroxisomes abundant in?
Human liver and kidney cells
Name the three types of proteins found in within the plasma membrane
Integral proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Peripheral membrane proteins
List the 4 levels of protein structure
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure