Knee
Name all four mechanisms of an ACL sprain?
cutting
sudden deceleration
hyperextension
valgus blow
What are the special tests for ITB FS?
obers
nobles
renee
what are the s/s of a hip pointer?
pain
swelling
spasm
discoloration
decrease function
where do disc paths normally happen?
L4-L5
L5-S1
What is the normal Q angle in men and women?
10 in males
15 in females
what is the treatment for patellar tendinitis?
STP: stretch, massage, eccentric exercises
sleeve, chopat
what are the four muscles of the quad? what injury happens when there is a blow to this area? and what can be caused from too aggressive of tx of this?
vastus lateralis/medialis/intermedius, rectus femoris
quad contusion
myositis ossificans
where is the most common place for hernia for males? for females?
females: femoral
what sports involve repetitive hyperextension?
Gymnastics, wrestling, football linemen
what is the outer layer and central area of a disc called?
outer: annulus fibrosus
central: nucleus pulposis
what s/s differ between the knee disloc and sublux?
disloc: deformity, inability to move knee, one pop
sublux: no deformity, two pops, positive apprehension test
what should you rule out with a quad strain?
r/o avulsion fx w/ high hamstring / hipflexor strains,
what is the MOI of osteitis pubis?
repetitive stress by muscles (abs, adductors) pulling on pubic symphysis and bony supports
what is the purpose of a disc?
provides cushion between bones and allows more ROM
what is most common hip dislocation/subluxation?
posterior
what is the MOI of chondromalacia patella? what causes it'?
¨softening and deterioration of articular cartilage under patella,
-poor patellar tracking, subluxation and dislocation
what is the tx for a femoral fx? what should you be structure should you be worried about, other than the femur?
prevent shock, stabilize, 911
femoral artery
what do you have to be concerned with a hip subluxation/dislocation?
usually a fracture is is involved, which can lead to avascular necrosis
what are the s/s of cauda equina syndrome?
bilateral loss of sensation
bilateral motor weakness
loss of bowel/bladder control
what is Valsalva? which injury is associated with this?
hernia
increase in intrathoracic pressure
what are the s/s of osgood schlatters?
TTP
pain increases with activity
may decrease with rest
eventually constant pain
where do stress fx normally occur in the femur? what are the tests that rule it in?
usually at the neck
+fulcrum, bone scan, and x-ray after 3 weeks
what are the two serious injuries that can result from a scrotal contusion?
hydrocele: fluid accumulation
torsion: spermatic cord twists
what is the difference between Spondylolisthesis and Spondylosis?
Spondylosis: breakdown / degeneration of area
Spondylolisthesis: forward slipping of one vertebra on the one below
what does the unholy/unhappy triad consist of?
ACL/MCL/Medial Meniscus