Intermolecular Forces
This IMF is found in all molecules, ever nonpolar ones.
What are London dispersion forces?
The phase with the highest kinetic energy.
What is gas?
"Like dissolves like" means polar substances dissolve in these types of solvents.
What are polar solvents?
In chromatography, molecules that travel farther have stronger interactions with this phase.
What is the mobile phase?
The equation that relates pressure, volume, temperature, and moles.
What is PV = nRT?
The strongest IMF that occurs only when H is bonded to N, O, or F.
What is hydrogen bonding?
When IMFs increase, vapor pressure does this.
What is decrease?
Solubility increases with temperature for most solids but decreases for this state of matter.
What are gases?
The phase that stays in place during chromatography.
What is the stationary phase?
According to this gas law, volume and temperature are directly proportional.
What is Charles's Law?
This IMF exists between polar molecules.
What are dipole-dipole interactions?
The term for energy required to convert a solid directly to a gas.
What is sublimation?
This is the term for a solution that has dissolved as much solute as possible at a given temperature.
What is saturated?
Polar molecules tend to stick to a polar stationary phase, causing this effect on travel distance.
What is travel a shorter distance?
Boyle's Law states that pressure and this variable are inversely related.
What is volume?
Rank these by increasing IMF strength: hydrogen bonding, dispersion, dipole-dipole.
What is dispersion < dipole-dipole < hydrogen bonding?
On a heating curve, this occurs on the flat segments.
What is a phase change?
The process of breaking solvent-solvent and solute-solute attractions to form solute-solvent attractions.
What is dissolution?
The ratio used to compare distances traveled by solvent and solution.
What is the Rf value?
This law describes how the total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the individual gas pressures.
What is Dalton's Law of Partial
Pressures?
This property decreases when IMF strength increases: volatility or boiling point?
What is volatility?
Melting point and boiling point both increase when this type of force becomes stronger.
What are intermolecular forces?
lonic compounds dissolve in water because these strong ion-dipole attractions form between water and what type of particles?
What are ions?
Chromatography separates substances based on differences in this property.
What is polarity?
This law states that gases with lower molar mass move faster, explaining why lighter gases diffuse more quickly.
What is Graham's Law of Effusion?