Localization
This brain region is most commonly affected in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, producing contralateral hemiparesis.
Putamen (basal ganglia)
A clinical scoring system used to quantify the severity of stroke on neurologic examination.
NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS)
Blood pressure is often permissively elevated during acute ischemic stroke to maintain this physiologic process.
Cerebral perfusion
Difficulty articulating speech due to motor impairment of speech muscles.
Dysarthria
This reflex commonly becomes hyperactive after an upper motor neuron lesion such as stroke.
Deep tendon reflex
A lesion in this nuclei of the thalamus produces numbness of the face, arm, and leg.
Ventroposterior Lateral (VPL) nuclei
This ultrasound-based test is commonly used to evaluate carotid artery stenosis.
Carotid Doppler ultrasound
The preferred long-term therapy for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Anticoagulation
Difficulty swallowing commonly seen in brainstem strokes.
Dysphagia
The brain tissue surrounding an infarct that is ischemic but potentially salvageable is called this.
Ischemic penumbra
A patient with inability to look voluntarily to the right and right-sided weakness likely has a lesion in this cerebral lobe.
Left Frontal lobe
A vascular imaging study that uses contrast injected into arteries to visualize cerebral vessels and aneurysms.
Cerebral angiography (digital subtraction angiography)
This surgical procedure removes plaque from the carotid artery to reduce stroke risk in selected patients.
Carotid endarterectomy
Loss of the ability to perform learned purposeful movements despite intact strength and comprehension.
Apraxia
The pathologic vascular change in chronic hypertension characterized by degeneration of small penetrating arteries.
Lipohyalinosis
Loss of proprioception and vibration on the contralateral body with preserved pain and temperature suggests a lesion of this brainstem structure.
Medial lemniscus
A stroke caused by emboli arising from the heart, often seen in patients with atrial fibrillation, is classified as this stroke subtype.
Cardioembolic stroke
This life-saving neurosurgical procedure may be performed for malignant MCA infarction with severe cerebral edema.
Decompressive hemicraniectomy
Impaired ability to understand spoken or written language.
Receptive aphasia (Wernicke aphasia)
Rebleeding and vasospasm are major complications occurring after this type of hemorrhagic stroke.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral hemiparesis localizes to this brainstem structure.
Ventromedial midbrain
This cardiac abnormality can allow paradoxical embolism from the venous system to the arterial circulation.
Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
This is the standard IV dose of alteplase (rtPA) for acute ischemic stroke.
0.9 mg/kg
Complete inability to speak due to severe bilateral frontal lobe lesions affecting speech production.
Akinetic mutism
A transient neurologic deficit caused by focal ischemia without infarction is called this.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA)