Clinical Presentation, Epidemiology, Risk Factors
A mass consisting of bacteria, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibrin, RBCs, WBCs, and dead cells that is observed when examining the throat.
What is pseudomembrane?
Basic mechanism of Diphtheria toxin.
What is A-B toxin?
A disease characterized by pharyngitis that is caused by a virus infecting B lymphocytes.
What is infectious mononucleosis?
Type of vaccine used for Diphtheria.
What is inactivated toxoid?
Antibody isotype associated with Type I Hypersensitivity
What is IgE?
Biggest risk factor for Diptheria in the US.
What is international travel?
Wasn't mentioned in the case, but it's the test we all wanna put to as the way to diagnose like all these stupid bugs but Sanchez said we couldn't use it as a cop out. (except for some viruses)
What is PCR?
Gold standard for confirming diptheria by detecting presence of toxin.
What is Elek test?
Animal antiserum that Diphtheria antitoxin is derived from.
What is Horse?
Slowest reaction relying only on cell-mediated immunity/T-cell response
What is Type IV Hypersensitivity?
Cell receptor responsible for the organ systems most susceptible to damage by diphtheria toxin.
What is heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (heart & nerve cells)?
Causes C. diphtheriae to form distinctive black colonies with halos.
What is Tinsdale Medium?
Laboratory indicators of heart function and/or damage.
What is Troponin and BNP?
MOA of antibiotic with side effect of increased gut motility & Q-T prolongation.
What is inhibition of 50S ribosomal subunit (erythromycin)?
Hypersensitivity involving antibody-antigen complex on cell and is seen with organ transplant rejection
What is Type II Hypersensitivity?
Innervation of most of the muscles of soft palate and larynx that may be weakened.
What is Vagus nerve (CN X)?
The nontoxigenic biotype of Corynebacterium Diphtheriae.
What is belfanti?
Imaging finding that is commonly seen CXR.
What is Soft tissue swelling along upper airway (pharynx, epiglottis, & chest)?
Inflammatory enzyme that is inhibited by Methylprednisolone.
What is Phospholipase A2?
The process that mediates the serious side effect of Diptheria antitoxin commonly referred to as "Serum Sickness."
What is Type III Hypersensitivity?
Clinical presentation involving chronic ulcer covered by grayish membrane.
What is Cutaneous Diptheria?
Part of the Corynebacterium Diphtheriaie genome activated by high iron concentrations.
What is diphtheria toxin repressor (DTxR)
The two biochemical tests that can confirm the diagnosis quickly and their results.
What is Cystinase + and Pyrazinamidase -?
Antibiotic alternatives used instead of first line drugs in case of resistance.
What is linezolid or vancomycin?
Fancy Schmancy diseases considered to be Type V hypersensitivity reactions.
What is Grave's disease and Myasthenia Gravis?