Which phylum of protists include organisms with unique glass-like walls?
Diatoms
100
What are hyphae?
And
What is a mycelium?
Tiny filaments that construct the fungus
and
An interwoven mat of hyphae
100
What is cephalization?
The localization of sensory organs in the anterior end of an organism
100
What types of animals can a coelom be found in?
Triploblastic animals only
200
In addition to peptidoglycan, the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria also contain
Lipopolysaccharides
200
Which protist taxa contains species that produce potent toxins that can cause extensive fish kills, contaminate shellfish, and poison humans?
Dinoflagellates
200
What is the cell wall of a fungus made of?
Chitin
200
What characteristic is unique to only echinoderms and chordates?
They are the only deuterostomes
200
What are the three main parts of a mollusc?
Muscular foot for movement
Visceral mass containing most internal organs
Mantle that secretes the shell
300
Why is it a bad practice for doctors to administer antibiotics at the first sign of disease symptoms?
Overuse of antibiotics can select for antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
300
What is a mixotroph?
An organism that combines photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition
300
What is a unicellular fungus that under anaerobic conditions ferments sugars to alcohol and CO2?
Yeast
300
You are trying to identify an organism. It is an animal, but it does not have nerve or muscle tissue. It is neither diploblastic nor triploblastic. This organism is probably....
A sponge (phylum porifera)
300
What are ecdysozoans? and what are the two phyla that fit in this category?
Organisms that molt their outer cuticle
Nematoda
and
Arthropoda
400
What are the three types of extremophiles?
Thermophiles - love hot environments
Halophiles - live in areas with high salinity
Methanogens - use CO2 to oxidize Hydrogen into methane
400
Which of the following human diseases does not involve kinetoplastids?
1. Chagas disease
2. African Sleeping sickness
3. Leishmaniasis
4. Malaria
Malaria (apicomplexan)
400
What is mycorrhizae?
A mutualistic association of fungi with the roots of plants that benefits the plants by increasing surface area so that they can absorb more nutrients.
400
What are two of the four likely causes for the cambrian explosion?
Predator prey relationships
or
New defensive adaptations
or
A rise in atmospheric oxygen
or
Evolution of the Hox gene complex
400
What is the distinguishing characteristic of phylum ctenophora?
8 rows of comblike plates of fused cilia
500
Give an example of each of the three types of symbiosis
Mutualism - both benefit
Commensalism - one benefits and the other is unaffected
Parasitism - one benefits at the expense of the other
500
Describe the three different hosts in a parasitic life cycle
Definitive: organism in which a parasite reproduces sexually
Intermediate: organism in which a parasite does not reproduce sexually
Reservoir: non human organism that can harbor parasites
500
Which fungal phyla contains organisms that produce sexual spores in a saclike structure?
Ascomycota
500
You observe a colony of sessile marine animals wrapped in calcium carbonate shells that are attached to a pier by thick stalks. The animals employ jointed appendages projecting from their shells to capture small organisms suspended in the water. What phylum does this organism most likely belong to?
Arthropoda
500
What are the four anatomical structures that distinguish chordates?
Notochord - acts as skeleton
Dorsal, hollow nerve chord - forms CNS
Pharyngeal slits - slits on pharynx, modified for gas exchange
Postanal tail