Immunology
*What autoimmune disorder is characterized by a homogenous pattern in an IFA test for ANAs?*
A: Sjogren's Syndrome
B: CREST Syndrome
C: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
D: Scleroderma
What crystals are shown in Image 7 and what is shown in Image 8?
Uric Acid crystals
Hyaline cast
What are the five electrophoretic fractions in serum protein?
Albumin, Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta, Gamma
What does ISE stand for and what does it measure?
Ion-Selective Electrode
Measures: Sodium, Potassium, Chloride
*Classic automated blood cell counters are based on which of the following technologies?*
A: Laser Scatter
B: Unifluidics
C: Photometry
D: Impedance principle
*The most frequently encountered immunoglobulin demonstrated in patients with Multiple Myeloma is?*
A: IgM
B: IgG
C: IgE
D: IgA
Convert 2.5ml to ul.
2500ul
The microscopic clumping that occurs in a reactive CSF VDRL testing is called?
Flocculation
*Which analyte should be increased in the presence of pancreatitis?*
A : Uric Acid
B: Amylase
C: Aldolase
D: Troponin
*Which of the following typically produces a macrocytic, hypochromic anemia?*
A: Iron deficiency
B: B12 deficiency
C: EPO deficiency
D: Thalassemia
*What immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for mucosal immunity?*
A: IgG
B: IgM
C: IgA
D: IgE
The coagulation factors are divided into three groups based on their properties. The Thrombin sensitive group, the Vit K dependent group, and the contact group.
What factors are in the Vit K dependent group?
Factor II
Factor VII
Factor IX
Factor V
In addition to the affinity and avidity of the antibody involved, precipitation depends on the relative proportion of antigen and antibody present. The zone in which optimum precipitation occurs is called?
The zone of equivalence.
*Which of the following blood test can be used to evaluate liver function?*
A: Amylase
B: Alkaline Phosphatase
C: Creatinine
D: Uric Acid
Identify this WBC.
Lymphocyte
*The antibody mediator associated with a Type I Hypersensitivity reaction is?*
A: IgM
B: IgG
C: IgA
D: IgE
List the development stages of a neutrophil.
Myeloblast
Promyelocyte
Myelocyte
Metamyelocyte
Band
Segmented Neutrophil
How can prozone effect impact serologic testing, and how is it resolved?
The prozone effect occurs when excess antibody interferes with lattice formation in agglutination tests, leading to false-negative results. It is resolved by serially diluting the sample to reduce antibody concentration and allow proper antigen-antibody interaction.
*The Jaffe reaction uses alkaline picrate to measure what?*
A: Ammonia
B: Creatinine
C: Urea
D: Uric Acid
Identify this WBC.
Promyelocyte
What type of B cells are formed after antigen stimulation?
Plasma cells and memory B cells.
In HgB S, sickling of the red blood cells occur under conditions of reduced oxygen. What is the amino acid substitution in the beta chain?
Substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position of the normal beta chain.
What is the difference between Sandwich ELISA and Competitive ELISA?
Sandwich ELISA captures antigen between two antibodies.
Competitive ELISA measures antigen concentration by competition between sample antigen and labeled antigen for antibody binding.
What is glycogenesis?
Glycogenesis is the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage.
*Remnants of erythrocyte nuclei, nuclear fragments, or aggregates of chromosomes are called?*
A: Heinz bodies
B: Howell-Jolly bodies
C: Basophilic stippling
D: Pappenheimer bodies