Basics/Physiology
The three layers of the vein wall include the intima, media, and this outer layer
Tunica Externa (adventitia)
The longest vein in the body
GSV
Veins that connect the superficial system to the deep system
Perforator veins
These paired (venae comitantes) veins run alongside arteries in the calf
ATVs, PTVs, Peros
The first vein evaluated in a standard LEV DVT exam
CFV
Venous valves are folds of this layer of the vein wall
Tunica Intima
The GSV originates anterior to this structure
Medial malleolus
Normal perforator flow goes in this direction
Superficial to Deep
The merging of posterior tibial and peroneal veins forms this structure
Tibioperoneal trunk
The femoral vein becomes this vein after passing the inguinal canal
External Iliac Vein
This pressure difference determines the cross‑sectional shape of a vein
Transmural pressure
The GSV joins the deep system at this junction
SFJ
This perforator connects the GSV to the femoral vein in the mid‑thigh
Hunterian (mid‑thigh) perforator
This vein is valveless and acts as a venous reservoir
Soleal vein
Also known as the profunda femoris vein
Deep femoral vein
This physiologic maneuver temporarily halts all venous flow
Valsalva
The ultrasound appearance of the GSV in its fascial compartment
"Cleopatra's Eye"
This perforator is associated with medial calf varicose veins near the knee
Boyd’s perforator
The popliteal vein is located anterior to this artery
Popliteal artery
Applying transducer pressure to collapse a vein is called this
Compression
Breathing in causes decreased flow from the lower extremities due to this physiologic change
Increased abdominal pressure during inspiration
This superficial vein originates posterior to the lateral malleolus
SSV
This ankle perforator is associated with venous ulcers
Crockett’s perforator
The small saphenous vein drains into this deep vein
Popliteal vein
Normal venous flow variation caused by breathing
Phasicity