F&E
A patient is admitted with severe pancreatitis. They develop numbness and tingling in their fingers, muscular spasms, and a positive Trousseau's sign. These symptoms are most characteristic of which electrolyte imbalance?
Hypocalcemia
An adult patient's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 25 mg/dL. This finding is:
above the normal adult range
A patient with type 2 diabetes and a history of heart failure is prescribed a new oral antidiabetic. Which medication would require the nurse to vigilantly monitor for peripheral edema, shortness of breath, and rapid weight gain?
Pioglitazone (TZD)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) caused by
H. pylori
What are the four key characteristics of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis, and dehydration.
A patient with hypercalcemia cannot tolerate large volumes of IV fluids for treatment. Which medication would be an appropriate alternative to promote calcium excretion?
Calcitonin
Which of the following creatinine levels would be considered normal for a 6-year-old child?
0.6
A patient is being treated for hepatic encephalopathy with lactulose. Which finding indicates the medication is having its desired therapeutic effect?
improved mental status and orientation
A 74-year-old male with a history of chronic alcoholism and a recent cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has not eaten for four days and is now having difficulty swallowing. An order is received to start total enteral nutrition (TEN). The nurse should prioritize monitoring for which potential complication upon initiation of feeding?
refeeding syndrome
What is the immediate treatment for a conscious patient with hypoglycemia?
Administer 15 to 20 grams of a simple carbohydrate, such as 4-6 oz of fruit juice.
A patient with a history of Addison's disease presents with muscle weakness, intestinal colic, and significant ECG changes. Based on the underlying condition, which electrolyte imbalance is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Hyperkalemia
An infant's creatinine level is 0.3 mg/dL. This value is:
normal range
A patient taking Methimazole for Graves' disease calls the clinic reporting a severe sore throat and fever. What is the nurse's priority concern?
Agranulocytosis
A nurse is assessing a patient with severe protein-energy undernutrition (PEU). The patient has a relatively normal body weight but presents with significant edema and low serum protein levels. These findings are most characteristic of which condition?
Kwashiorkor
What is the treatment for an unconscious hypoglycemic patient in a non-hospital setting?
Administer 1 mg of glucagon intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
A patient with chronic renal failure who missed several dialysis appointments is found to have a serum Magnesium level of 2.9 mg/dL. Which IV medication should the nurse anticipate administering to counteract the effects of this imbalance?
Calcium Gluconate
A lab report for an adult male shows a creatinine level of 1.4 mg/dL. How does this compare to the expected reference range?
Above expected range
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving an IV infusion of 3% Normal Saline. This fluid is classified as hypertonic. The nurse should prioritize assessment for which complication?
pulmonary edema and fluid overload
A patient with a gastric ulcer reports that their epigastric pain has become constant and now radiates to their back. This change in pain character most likely indicates which complication?
Ulcer perforation
Delayed gastric emptying, a complication of autonomic neuropathy in diabetes, is known as
gastroparesis
A patient is being treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). As their condition improves with insulin therapy, they begin to show signs of confusion, muscle weakness, and respiratory failure. Which electrolyte imbalance is a common complication during the treatment of DKA?
Hypophosphatemia
A 30-year-old female has a creatinine clearance of 95 mL/min. How does this value compare to the expected range?
Expected
A patient is prescribed intranasal desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis. Which black box warning requires careful patient education regarding fluid intake?
Risk of severe hyponatremia and seizures
A critically ill patient is receiving enteral nutrition. Which electrolyte imbalances are most commonly associated with this therapy, often related to hyperglycemia-induced diuresis?
Hyperkalemia & Hyponatremia
In a 100g, 3-hour OGTT for GDM diagnosis, a fasting blood glucose level greater than _____ mg/dL is considered abnormal.
95