Ethan's Book
What was the main problem with the new independent United States of America in winning the war?
The center authority which was the Continental Congress, was very weak with no effective authority. Moreover, Americans were divided as some were still devoted to British.
The Seven Year War become known as what in America?
The French and Indian War. It changed the map of North America.
It lasted from 1754 to 1763
Absolutism
The idea of concentrating political power in the hands of a SINGLE RULER.
The land west of the Appalachian Mountains was inhabited by Indian tribes. When British colonial settlers wanted to expand into Indian lands, but such invasions led to a bloody reaction, known as ______.
Pontiac's Rebellion, in which the tribes attempted to push white settlers back across the mountains. The rebellion failed.
The monarchies of early modern France and Spain were embracing 'absolutism'. What does that term mean?
Absolutism: means greater and greater centralization of power in the hands of a single ruler - a ruler who was thought to be ruled by God-given right.
What sort of national government did the Articles of Confederation provide for the United States. It was not ratified until 1781.
Congress was already operating as the Aricles prodiided, so nothing had to change. There was no natinal executive or judiciary. Each state had one vote regardless of population, and it took three-fourths (9 our 13) to pass a law and unaminity to amend them. Congress lacked the power to tax or to regulate commerce.
The French and Indian War (The Seven Year War) ended in 1763 by signing what document?
Treaty of Paris/
Calvinists
Calvinists, named after the reformer John Calvin, wanted to reform the world. They wanted to purify the Church and return it a to simpler form, closer to what it was in the time of Jesus.
They became known as Puritans.
Royal Proclamation of 1763 was proclaimed why?
Pontiac's Rebellion, in which the tribes attempted to push white settlers back across the mountains. The rebellion failed but the British wanted to prevent any repeat experience. They adopted a new western policy: known as the Royal Proclamation of 1763, no settlers were to cross the imaginary line running across the tops of the Appalachian Mountains. This edict was unpopular with American colonists.
What does the word 'precedents' mean in a court system?
Precedents - laws that relied on the decision of previous courts decisions, which had built up over many years by many generations of judges. The common law was a refection of the customs of the people. The United States of America instituted many of the rights into our Constitution and Bill of Rights from the English way of life.
Describe the Northwest Land Ordinance of 1784-1887.
It organized the territories in such a way as to see them admitted as new states equal in status to the original 13. This prevented the east-west conflicts that had been a feature of colonial history. The result was a steadily growing nation, not an empire with the eastern states as the mother country and the West as dependent colonies. The Ordinance of 1787 was also notable for its promotion of education in the territories and its prohibition of the introduction of slavery.
Beginning in the 1730's, waves of religious and spiritual revival began to sweep up and down the colonies along the North American coast, a mass movement was called ___________ .
the Great Awakening.
precedent
precedent -Previous courts decisions became known as a precedent which were built up over many years in the courts.
Tariffs (taxes) on sugar, tea, coffee, and wines, all of which were products that American needed to import. Those accused of violation the act would be tried before British naval officers in a court based in Canada, in which they would not have the right to be presumed innocent, as was the case in most American courts. What was the name of that Tariff?
The Sugar Act
What was the first permanent English colony established?
And, what was their goal coming to the 'new world'?
Jamestown Virginia in 1607. There were 105 men. Their goal was to search of wealth ordered by the King.
James Madison was the principal architect of the Constitution. Each of the 13 colonies had to write a new constitution for their state.
What did the Philadelphia convention agree on from the start?
It agreed on a republican government and a federal system in which states retained a large measure of autonomy.
The age of ____________, the influential European movement devote to reason and science.
Enlightenment
audacious
Fearless, extremely bold,
Describe the Currency Act of 1764
The British sought to end the colonies' practice of printing their own paper money. The colonist resented this intrusion into their customary practices of self-governance.
Why were the 105 men who arrived in this new land in Jamestown, and ordered by the king to search for all "Manner of Mines of Gold, Silver, and Copper," not successful?
Unfortunately, they didn't have the skills to be pioneers. Few knew anything about building, farming, hunting, woodlore and such. Some of the men thought they were too good to do manual labor. Hence, more than half of the settlers died during the 1st winter. It was the Powhatan Indians who gifted food that to the people that saved some of the people.
Explain the Declaratory Act
The Stamp Act had caused turbulence in the states. One the same day the Parliament repealed it, they passed a Declaratory Act stating that Parliament's power over the colonies was unlimited in principle and that it could enact whatever law it wished "to bind the colonies and people of America" to England. This Act offered clear evidence that there were two sets of very different ideas: different ideas about the proper place of America in the emerging imperial system, and about the meaning of words like self-rule, representation, constitution and sovereignty.
Both the Great Awakening and the age of Enlightment were very American.
1. Americans became to show little reverence for established authority, whether in the church or in politics.
2. Both weakened the power of all traditional churches and clergy, making religious the judgment of a person's free conscience.
Describe #3 and #4.
3. Both understood themselves as an expression on the spirit of liberty.
4. American colonist began to think of themselves as a 'distinct people', to contemplate becoming something new, through an act of rebellion against their king and empire. The stage was being set for just such an act.
diversity
the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : VARIETY
the inclusion of people of different races, cultures, etc. in a group or organization
The pace of intrusion quickened even more in 1765 when the British Parliament produced the Stamp Act. Describe the Stamp Act and the reaction to it.
It required that stamps be purchased and attached to legal documents and printed matter of all kinds, ranging from newspapers to playing cards.
The Stamp Act did not work, it did not produce any revenue at all. The colonists simply refused to obey it. Protests against this Act were everywhere. There was a flood of pamphlets, speeches, resolutions and public meeting at which the cry of "no taxation without representation" was heard far and wide.
Describe the "Mayflower Compact."
This document became historic. It was the first organized document of governance in the new land of hope. The Mayflower landed (at Cape Cod) outside the Virginia Company established colony, so there was no one to govern. So the group's leaders knew this could be dangerous. Hence, in this document, they organized themselves as a political body and committed all those who signed the document to obey the laws and authorities.