Acronyms
WARTS
used after saving / helping the victim and treating shock: warmth, abc's, rest and reassurance, treatment, semi prone/semi sit.
ear and nose injuries
ear - place gauze around the ear(s) to minimize the amount of noise that goes in nose - pinch the bridge of the nose and put an icepack on the back of their neck
tourniquets
used for big cuts to stop bleeding, but as a last resort- if 5 layers of gauze hasn't worked: place the band just above the wound and turn the crank until the circulation to that limb is cut off and bleeding stops
what to do in the case of a bee sting
swipe out the stinger with a credit card
FAST
used to figure out if someone is having a stroke: facial drooping, arm weakness, slurred speech, time to call 911
mouth injury
if victim wants to preserve their tooth in the event it gets knocked out, ask them to spit in a cup or put milk in a cup. the tooth should stay good for a few hours and the dentist should be able to put it back in.
purse-lip breathing
used to calm a victim down: open your mouth just a tiny bit, into almost a circlr, take a deep breath in and a long breath out.
different kinds of poisoning
ingested (eating), injected (needle, syringe, bee sting), inhaled (gas, fumes), contact (absorbed)
RED
treating bleeding: rest and reassurance, elevate the wound, direct pressure
eye injury (pencil in eye)
wrap gauze around the pencil to soak up discharge and blood from the eye. because your eyes follow each other, cover up the victim's other eye so they can't look around
use an AED
used to send electric shocks to the body and restart the heart: for an adult, place the patches on their sides. if the chest is hairy, shave it. take off any jewelry you can. for a child, pace one patch on their front side and one on their backside. only use an AED on an unconscious patient
3P's
preserve life, prevent further injury, promote recovery
AVPU
figuring out a person's level of consiousness: alert, verbal, reacting to pain, unresponsive
abdominal injury
look out for blood discolouration and internal bleeding. if the victim has a bruise, draw a circle around it. if the bruise grows, call EMS. keep victim away from blood thinners
CPR
used to help someone breath when something is preventing them from doing so (choking): landmark under the armpits, near their heart. doing it to the side means you have to break less ribs. non dominant hand goes on the bottom and dominant hand goes over top. push 2 inches deep into the patient (less on a child). let their chest come back up before repeating. 30 compressions and 2 breaths, repeat 5 times before checking breathing.
signs of a heart attack
flushed face, hard time breathing, chest/back pains, sweating. use SAMPLE, loosen tight clothes, give victim asprin (unless they recently drank)
SAMPLE
finding out about the victim: signs and symptoms, allergies, medication, past medical history, last oral intake, events leading up to
burns
heat burns (fire): apply burn cream and cold water // chemical burns: if the chemical is powder, wash off with water. if liquid, find the source of it and read instructions // radiation(sun) : find a shady spot // electrical: check for spinal injuries and exit/entry points
help someone having a seizure
cushion their head. move objects out of the way of the victim, or move the victim out of the way. only move the victim by their ankles, so you don't hurt them. once they stop, don't give them food or drinks incase they seize again.
hemophyliac
a person who can't properly clot their blood so when they get a minor cut, it could bleed forever unless it's stitched up. they have special medicine