Cell Structure + Function
The function of the mitochondria in a cell
What is Produces ATP through cellular respiration?
System primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
What is Cardiovascular System
Name of the molecule that carries genetic information
What is DNA
Term that describes all the living and nonliving parts of an environment
What is Ecosystem
The type of microorganisms that causes the common cold
Organelle is responsible for packaging proteins in eukaryotic cells?
What is Golgi Apparatus
Part of the nervous system controls involuntary actions like heartbeat and digestion
What is Autonomic Nervous System
Different versions of a gene
What is Alleles
Role decomposers play in an ecosystem
Decomposers break down dead organisms, recycling nutrients into the ecosystem
Name for bacteria that can survive treatment with antibiotics?
What is Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria
Structure in plant cells stores water and helps maintain turgor pressure
What is Central Vacuole
Name the gland that regulates metabolism through the release of hormones
What is Thyroid Gland
If a child inherits one dominant and one recessive allele, which trait will be expressed?
What is Dominant Trait
Define "carrying capacity" in terms of population ecology
The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support without degrading resources
How do vaccines help prevent infectious diseases?
Vaccines expose the immune system to a harmless form of the pathogen, creating memory cells for future defense
How does the structure of the phospholipid bilayer help regulate what enters and exits the cell?
Bilayer is selectively permeable; hydrophobic tails prevent polar molecules from easily passing through
Explain how the muscular and skeletal systems work together to enable movement.
Muscle contracts and pulls on bones, causing movement
Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup and phenotype is the physical trait
How does a keystone species affect its ecosystem?
A keystone species has a disproportionate effect on its ecosystem; its removal drastically alters the community
Compare the structures of a virus and a bacterium. Name 2 characteristics of each
Viruses are non-living, have a protein coat and genetic material; bacteria are living, single celled organisms with a cell wall and cytoplasm
Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of internal structures and DNA organization.
Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles; DNA is circular and free floating. Eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles; DNA is linear and inside the nucleus
Describe how the immune and lymphatic systems cooperate during an infection
The immune system identifies and attacks pathogens; the lymphatic system transports lymph and supports immune cells like lymphocytes
Describe how a mutation in a DNA sequence can lead to a genetic disorder
A mutation can change the protein coded for by a gene, potentially causing a genetic disorder if the protein doesn’t function properly
Explain the process of ecological succession following a disturbance like a wildfire
Ecological succession is the gradual recovery and change in species composition after a disturbance, moving from pioneer species to a stable climax community.
Describe how horizontal gene transfer in bacteria can lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Horizontal gene transfer allows bacteria to exchange resistant genes through conjugation, transformation, or transduction