Cell Theory
Which scientist is known for saying that all animals are made of cells?
Theodor Schwann.
What is the basic unit of life?
Cells
This organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells and is responsible for photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
What is photosynthesis?
This process occurs in plant cells where sunlight is used to produce energy.
The longest phase in the cell cycle?
Interphase
Who was the scientist that first discovered cells by looking at a piece of cork under a microscope?
Robert Hooke
What is the outer layer of the cell that controls what goes in and out?
cell membrane
This rigid structure is found outside the cell membrane in plant cells and provides extra support and protection.
Cell wall
What is the process called when a cell divides to create two new identical cells?
Mitosis
In which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
metaphase
What was the contribution of Matthias Schleiden to the cell theory?
all plants are made of cells
What structure in the cell is responsible for making proteins?
Ribosome
What is the the difference of vacuoles in plant cells compared to animal cells?
Vacuoles are larger in plants and smaller in animals
What is the term for the movement of water across a cell membrane?
Osmosis
What are the main stages of the cell cycle?
interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
What is the name of the scientist who helped establish the idea that all cells come from pre-existing cells?
Rudolf Virchow
Which organelle contains enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular waste?
Lysosomes
Why are plant and animal cells not considered prokaryotic cells?
prokaryote cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Why do cells divide? (2 answers)
Growth and Reproduction
What is cytokinesis?
the process that divides the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells after mitosis
What three main ideas make up the cell theory?
What is the function of the golgi apparatus (or golgi body)?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins (from the ER) for transport.
What characteristic defines both animal and plant cells as eukaryotic cells?
they have a nucleus that contains their genetic material, as well as other membrane-bound organelles.
What is the process called in which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to obtain energy for their cells, and which organelle is primarily responsible for this process?
Cellular respiration and mitochondria
what are the four phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase