12A Vocab
external fertilization
a type of sexual reproduction in which the sperm and egg unite outside the parents’ bodies
What happens in fertilization?
A sperm (from the male organism) unites with a gamete called the egg (from the female organism).
behavior
The way that an animal interacts with other animals or with its environment
What is a learned behavior?
A learned behavior is an action developed by observation and training. (Ex. dog tricks, geese following a mother bird into flight)
What is aggression?
Aggression is the willingness of one animal to attack another
internal fertilization
a type of sexual reproduction in which the sperm and egg unite inside the female’s body
Why can external fertilization happen in the water?
External fertilization happens in the water because the sperm must be able to swim to the eggs.
innate behavior
An unlearned type of behavior that an animal is capable of from birth
What is a reason animals use sound to communicate?
This is an open-ended question, but possible answers include:
- attracting mates (bullfrog croaking)
- general communication (wolf howling, bird-singing)
- warning (rattlesnake rattling)
What is a territory?
A territory is an area that the animal claims as its own.
Nymph
An immature form of an insect that does not change greatly
Why do many animals that practice external fertilization lay hundreds (or even thousands) of eggs?
Because the eggs are vulnerable and unable to defend themselves, animals that practice external fertilization often produce hundreds or thousands of eggs in order to guarantee survival for at least some.
Reflex
An immediate, inborn, involuntary reaction to a stimulus. (Ex. dog panting when it gets hot, or an armadillo jumping when its startled)
What type of communication is a queen bee using when she uses pheromones to alert other bees in the hive to her presence?
The queen bee is using chemical communication.
These animals are known as dominant. Ex. - strongest hen pecks all the other hens, while the second strongest pecks all the other hens except the strongest one, all the way down the line to the weakest hen).
Complete metamorphosis
A change in anatomical form through a series of life stages. Complete metamorphosis has four stages - egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
Why must certain invertebrates (like grasshoppers) shed their exoskeletons?
Because their exoskeleton isn't living (and doesn't grow with the insect), certain invertebrates (like grasshoppers) must get rid of their exoskeleton to continue growing.
Instinct
A complex innate behavior that occurs over a longer period of time than a reflex does. Ex. (migrations, nest-building, etc.)
What type of communication is being used when animals use bioluminescence?
The type of communication being used is sight (or visual) communication.
What is courtship?
Courtship is behavior that an animal performs while seeking a mate?
Incomplete metamorphosis
A change in anatomical and physiological form through a series of life stage, but with only three stages. The three stages are egg, nymph, and adult.
Give one similarity and one difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.
The following are possible answers - remember you only need one of each. You may answer something not on this list as long as it is a true similarity or difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis.
Similarity
1. Both start with the "egg" stage.
2. Both involve physical changes until they have reached the adult stage.
3. Many kinds of insects use incomplete or complete metamorphosis.
Differences
1. Complete metamorphosis has four stages while incomplete has three.
2. Complete metamorphosis has the larva and pupa stage, while incomplete metamorphosis have the nymph stage.
3. Complete metamorphosis has more intense changes while incomplete metamorphosis involves more gradual changes.
Migration
A seasonal, long-distance trip
What type of communication is being used when a hen pecks another?
Touch.
What is imprinting?
Imprinting is a period of rapid learning that occurs (typically soon after bird or hatching) that establishes a behavior or attachment.