Families
fruits are called grains
grass family
a leaf that has more than one blade joined to the petiole
compound
attracts pollinators
petals
a young plant that is able to survive without its cotyledons
seedling
the transfer of pollen from the stamen to the top of the pistil
pollination
discovered many complex details of plant reproduction
Christian Konrad Sprengel
most members have woody stems; fleshy fruits; flower parts in multiples of five; and cup-shaped blossoms with white, pink, or rose-colored petals
leaves that attach directly to a stem
sessile
where the fruit develops
ovary
growth of a plant in length
primary
absorbing water (seed swells)
plants with nonwoody stems
herbaceous
also called the crowfoot family because of their leaf shape that resembles a bird's foot
buttercup family
3 types of leaf margins
entire, toothed, and lobed
produces pollen grains
anther
two growing seasons
biennial
occurs only during the day
photosynthesis
plants that produce seeds covered by a flower
angiosperms
square and stout stems with flowers usually arranged in spikes
mint family
little green structures in the cells of a leaf
chloroplasts
an underground structure made of thick, fleshy leaves surrounding a very short stem
bulb
one cotyledon
monocots
plant reproduction that does not involve flowers, seeds, or fruit
vegetative reproduction
carries water and nutrients from the root hairs upward through the root and stem to the leaves
xylem
monocots that have tepals and inferior ovaries and grow from bulbs, corms, or rhizomes
amaryllis family
three types of leaf venation
palmate, pinnate, parallel
the creeping stem that grows along the surface of the ground in most grass plants
stolon
the main force that brings water up a plant's transport tubes
the loss of water from leaves
transpiration
what is mechanical dispersal
when a plant bursts open and the seeds scatter themselves
plants without vascular systems
bryophytes
help return nitrogen to the soil
pea family
4 types of leaf arrangements
opposite, alternate, whorled, rosette
the part of a plant embryo that develops into the shoot of the plant
plumule
three main parts of a seed
embryo, endosperm, and seed coat
water and dissolved chemicals are absorbed through the cell membrane of the root hairs
osmosis
storage cells that surround a root's transport tubes
cortex