Cells
Organelles
Cell Membrane
Cell Transport
Osmosis
100
True or False: Cell walls are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells
True
100
This structure controls what goes in and out of the cell (can be thought of as the bodyguard)
Cell Membrane
100
True or False: The cell membrane is also referred to as the Fluid Mosaic Model
True
100
True or False: The cell membrane allows all substances to pass through it, regardless of size and polarity.
False
The membrane is selectively permeable and only allows small and nonpolar substances to pass freely.
100
Define Osmosis
Osmosis is the movement (diffusion) of water
200
The invention of this scientific instrument led to the discovery of cells:
Microscope
200
This structure is responsible for making proteins (can be thought of as the factory)
Ribosomes
200
What is the primary molecule that makes up the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
200
This process moves molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and does not require energy
Passive Transport
(I would also accept diffusion)
200
Fill in the blank:
Water moves from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration
Water moves from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration
300
The cell theory states that all cells come from where?
Existing Cells
I would also accept "Other cells"
300
Describe the role of a vacuole.
To store water, food, and waste products
300
Looking at the image of the phospholipid, which part is polar (hydrophilic) and which part is nonpolar (hydrophobic)
The head (purple circle) is polar and the tails (black lines) are nonpolar
This is why in the lipid-bilayer the tails are tucked into the interior and the heads face the water environments on the outside and inside of cells.
300
Define facilitated diffusion
A type of passive transport that moves molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration using a channel protein (does NOT require energy)
300
What specific evidence in the celery lab supported the claim that water moved into the celery stalk?
The water was red and so it was visible in parts of the celery that where not directly exposed to the water
(It moved up through the xylem and could be seen in the top of the stalk)
400
Name one structure that is found in plant cells but NOT animal cells AND tell me what its job/ function is.
Cell Wall: Provides protection and additional structure in plant cells (needed because plants don't have skeletal structures like animals).
Chloroplasts: Location of photosynthesis which is how the plant makes its food/ obtains energy. Animals obtain their energy by eating instead.
400
Describe the role of a Lysosome.
Digests waste, worn out cell parts, and foreign invaders.
400
In a diagram of a cell membrane, where is cholesterol found?
In-between the lipid tails (it looks like 2-3 small hexagons inside the membrane itself)
400
Why might some molecules need a channel protein to get into the cell even if they are moving with a concentration gradient?
Some molecules are too big or have a charge
400
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis
Diffusion refers to the movement of solute molecules with a concentration gradient while osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water with a concentration gradient.
500
Name all 3 parts of the cell theory
1. All living things are made of at least one cell
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of life
3. All cells come from existing cells
500
Explain the primary difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell:
Prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack membrane bound organelles.
500
Use the image below: how would you label A, B, and C?
A = Recognition Protein
B = Receptor Protein
C = Channel Protein
500
What are the major differences between passive transport and active transport?
Passive transport moves with the concentration gradient (high to low) and doesn't require energy. Active transport moves against the concentration gradient (low to high), requires energy, and needs a protein.
500
What is the name of the specialized protein channel that water moves through?
Aquaporins