Evolution
What serves as evidence to support the theory of evolution?
fossil records
What do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
cell wall and chloroplast
(... large vacuole)
Converting water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose, using the sun's energy
photosynthesis
When we describe the physical traits that an organism presents, (like curly or straight hair, or eye color) we are referring to the organism's __________.
phenotype
A student hypothesizes that feeding an adult goldfish more than once a day will make it grow larger. He keeps three adult goldfish in separate for four weeks. He feeds the first goldfish once a day, the second twice a day, and the third three times a day. At the end of the experiment, the student concludes that more food does not make an adult goldfish grow larger. What is the dependent variable?
growth of the fish
An organism that can make its own food.
an autotroph or producer
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce.
natural selection or survival of the fittest
a cell of an organism is able to exchange food, water, and other materials with its environment through which important organelle
cell membrane
True or False:
Cellular respiration happens only in animal cells, not plant cells
false, both perform cellular respiration
A farmer decides to cross two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt). What percent of the offspring will be short?
25%
What is a scientific theory?
a well-supported and widely accepted explanation of nature
(explanation for how something occurs)
The Florida Everglades is habitat for many animals including deer, alligators, squirrels and panthers and for various types of plants and trees. A large wildfire sweeps through the habitat and kills most of the plants and trees. What is the limiting factor for the animal populations?
shelter/space, and food
Studying fossils in different layers of ______________ rock can help scientists piece together an organism timeline.
sedimentary
The process of cell division for body cells, for growth and repair
Mitosis
The process of releasing ATP energy from glucose/nutrients.
cellular respiration
In humans, having brown hair is dominant to having blond hair. Explain how it is possible that two brown-haired parents could have a blond-haired child?
both parents are heterozygous, carrying the recessive blonde allele
When creating a graph of data, the dependent variable goes on the __-axis and the independent variable goes on the __-axis.
Dry- dependent, response, y-axis
Mix- manipulated, independent, x-axis
A symbiotic relationship where one organism depends on a host organism for survival in a way that harms the host.
parasitism
Fishing regulations allow fishermen to keep only fish within certain size limits. Fish outside these limits must be returned to the water. These regulations are designed to protect fish populations, but they can unintentionally affect fish diversity over time.
Genetic diversity will _(increase/decrease)_ as a result of the regulations.
decrease
The chloroplast of plant cells perform this important process
photosynthesis
Why do athletes need to rest and breathe after exerting a lot of energy?
need to replenish oxygen for cellular respiration to produce more energy
What determines the phenotype, or physical trait, we see present in organisms?
their genotype (2 allele combination)
A group of students wanted to investigate the effect of temperature of hot plates on the evaporation rate of water in beakers. The beakers were divided into groups. Each group of beakers was placed on a separate hot plate at different temperatures.
After four hours, the students measured the amount of water remaining in each beaker. They calculated the amount of water that had evaporated. What is the independent variable?
water temperature
Bacteria in the intestines of cows gain nutrients and aid in the cows' digestion, is an example of what type of symbiotic relationship?
mutualism
How do animals or plants develop new traits based on environmental needs or evolve the way they live over many generations?
adaptations
______________ is the process by which a cell or organism keeps a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis
After something dies, the matter is consumed, broken down, and returned to the environment by ___________, and over a long time can become _______ _______.
decomposers, fossil fuel
Some types of organisms can reproduce either sexually or asexually. If environmental conditions forced a population of these organisms to use only asexual reproduction (cloning), what would be the most likely long-term effect to the population?
diversity/variation would decrease, the population would all be clones of each other
A group of students measured the volume of air they exhaled during three different activities: sitting, walking, and running. The volume of exhaled air is directly related to the amount of carbon dioxide produced. What is the dependent variable?
carbon production (amount exhaled)
In a complete food web, energy flows from the _______ that make the food, to the _______ and then to the _______ that break down decay.
producers/autotrophs, consumers/heterotrophs, decomposers