structure of the respiratory system
The muscular sheet that helps with breathing by contracting and relaxing
What is the diaphragm?
The process of air moving into the lungs
What is breathing? Or What is inhalation and exhalation?
The gas that diffuses from alveoli into blood
What is oxygen?
A disease caused by long term smoking that destroys the alveoli
What is Emphysema
The percentage of oxygen in inhaled air vs exhaled air.
Why is the amount of inhaled air contains 21% of oxygen, while the air we breathe out contains 16.4% of oxygen?
Tiny sacs where gaseous exchange occurs
What is the alveoli?
What happens to the diaphragm and the ribs during inhalation?
Why does the diaphragm contract and pull downward. And at the same time, the muscles between the ribs contract and pull upward?
The gas carried mostly as bicarbonate ions in blood plasma
What is carbon dioxide?
A condition where bronchioles become inflamed and narrow
What is Chronic bronchitis
The part of the brain that controls breathing
What is the Medulla Oblongata?
The tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the bronchi
What is the trachea?
Why is exhalation usually considered a passive process?
Why is energy is not required to push air out of the lungs. Instead, the elasticity of the lung tissue causes the lung to recoil, as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax following inspiration?
How diffusion works in the alveoli
why does oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse, and their molecules attach to red blood cells?
Exercise affect breathing rates
why when you exercise and your muscles work harder, your body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide. Your breathing has to increase from about 15 times a minute lwhen you are resting, up to about 40–60 times a minutr during exercise
People breathe faster after running
Why when you exercise and your muscles work harder, your body uses more oxygen and produces more carbon dioxide?
These are small branching tubes that lead directly to alveoli
What are the bronchioles?
The pressure changes inside the thoracic cavity during inhalation
Why does the pressure decrease inside?
Why does oxygen diffuse into the blood while carbon dioxide diffuses out?
The partial pressure of oxygen is high in the alveoli and low in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries
Carbon monoxide from cigarettes dangerous for oxygen transport
Why does carbon monoxide stop the blood from carrying as much oxygen?
Predict what would happen if the diaphragm was paralyzed
Why would their be a weakness of the diaphragm and reduced breathing capabilities or are unable to control their voluntary breathing?
The structure of alveoli is adapted for efficient gas exchange
What is thin, large surface area for diffusion, have lots of blood capillaries, and have moist surfaces for gases to dissolve?
Forced inhalation and forced exhalation in terms of muscles used
why during forced inspiration, muscles of the neck, contract and lift the thoracic wall, increasing lung volume. And during forced expiration, accessory muscles of the abdomen contract, forcing abdominal organs upward against the diaphragm?
Hemoglobin aids in oxygen transport
Why can one molecule of oxygen bind to the iron atom of a heme group, giving each hemoglobin the ability to transport four oxygen molecules?
High altitudes affect gaseous exchange
Why does the fall in atmospheric pressure at higher altitude decrease the partial pressure of inspired oxygen and drive pressure for gas exchange in the lungs?
Gaseous exchange is similar to a business transaction
Why is the alveoli the market stall at the stock exchange, the capillaries the buyers and sellers swarming the market. Hemoglobin the salesman (they trade CO2 for O2). The trachean the main shipping highway, and the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli the distribution branches. And the tissues are the factories that consume oxygen to make ATP?