Cancer
What is a tumour suppressor gene
It is a type of gene that makes proteins to control cell growth and keeps cell from dividing too quickly, often described as the brakes of a cell
What is telomerase
An enzyme complex that uses an RNA template to add telomeric repeats and maintain chromosome ends
What software is used to predict a protein's 3D structure from its genetic sequence?
AlphaFold
What is S phase
It is the phase where DNA is copied before cell division
What is Metastasis
It is the process by which cancer cells spread through blood or lymphatic vessels to form secondary tumours
What is the Hayflick Limit
The number of times a normal human cell population will divide before cell division stops
What nanoemeter range does nanotech typically fall in?
1-100 nanometers
Is DNA replication and cell division the same thing? If no, how are they different?
Dna replication happens during the s-phase while cell division happens during the M-phase
What is a proto-oncogene
The gene that tells cells exacttly when to grow, mutiply and repair. This gene when mutated becomes stuck as an overactive oncogene that causes cancer
What is a centromere
The structure that joins two sister chromatids together at the centre of a duplicated chromosome
What molecules or protein chains ensure that the nanocarrier only binds to its target receptors?
Antibodies
If n is the number of cells that pass through the 'M' stage of the cell cycle , then what is the number of output cells in terms of n
2n
What is p53 and what is it's importance
It is tumour suppressor gene that is broken in almost half of all human cancers, and losing it removes the cell's ability to respond to DNA damage alarms
Are chromosome and chromatid the same thing?If no, then how are they different
Chromatid is half of a duplicated chromosome
What are ionizable lipids?
Lipids that stay neutral in the blood to protect healthy, but become protonated in the endosome's acidic environment to aid in cytoplasmic escape.
What is the difference between Chromosome and Chromatid
Chromosome is the whole functional unit of DNA , while a chromatid is just one identical half of a duplicated chromosome
in terms of the stages/phases of the cell cycle how is the cell cycle of a cancer cell different to that of normal cell
Cancer cells don't enter the G0, G1 and G2 Phase and replicates rapidly during the S phase with many errors
What is the repeat sequence of Telomeres
TTAGGG
What is Polyethylene Glycol?
A polymer that when attached to the outside of a lipid sphere prevents plasma proteins from sticking to it, protecting it from the immune system.
What is the number of sister chromatids in a duplicated human chromosome
92 sister chromatids (a duplicated human cell has 46 chromosomes, which means it contains a total of 92 sister chromatids