CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
MIXED CONDTIONALS
SENTENCE INVERSIONS
ADVANCED REPORTED SPEECH
EMPHASIS
100
  • She ignored the specialist's advice last year.
  • She is still suffering from the injury now.


If she had followed/hadn't ignored the specialist's advice last year, she wouldn't still be suffering from the injury now.

100

The lecture was so engaging that nobody noticed the time passing.

So engaging was the lecture that nobody noticed the time passing.

100

The defendant said:
"Yes, I altered the documents."

The defendant admitted altering the documents.

100

The coach motivates the players by setting challenging goals.
(What ... does is ...) 

What the coach does is motivate the players by setting challenging goals.

200

We didn't arrive on time because of the heavy traffic.

(Use But for...)

But for the heavy traffic, we would have arrived on time.

200
  • He is extremely meticulous.
  • He didn't make any mistakes in the report yesterday.

If he weren't so meticulous, he would have made mistakes in the report yesterday.

200

A group of exhausted hikers came into the shelter.

INTO THE SHELTER CAME A GROUP OF EXHAUSTED HIKERS.

200

The athlete said:
"I didn't take any prohibited substances."

The athlete denied taking/having taken any prohibited substances.

200

The committee rejected the second proposal. Emphasize on the object. Use it.

It was the second proposal that the committee rejected.

300

You may borrow my car, but you return it by night.


You may borrow my car on condition that you return it by tonight.

300
  • The company failed to invest in new technology five years ago.
  • It is struggling to compete today.

If the company had invested in new technology five years ago, it wouldn't be struggling to compete today.

300

Employees must not disclose confidential information to third parties. 

Under no circumstances must employees disclose confidential information to third parties.

300

The journalist said to a company:
"You deliberately concealed the information."

The journalist accused the company of deliberately concealing the information.

300

The conference was cancelled because of the transport strike. (WHY)

.One reason why the conference was cancelled was because of the transport strike.

400

I don't think he's become less ambitious.  In fact,  he's even more determined now.
(= The opposite seems true.)

I don't think he's become less ambitious. If anything, he's even more determined now.
 

400

Maria isn't very outgoing.

She didn't make many contacts at the conference.

(Inverted style)

Were Maria outgoing, she would have made contacts at the conference. 

400

The CEO finished speaking, and immediately the shareholders began asking questions. 

(SOONER)

No sooner had the CEO finished speaking than the shareholders began asking questions.

400

They suggested that we postpone the meeting. 

(NOUN)

They made a suggestion that we postpone the meeting.

400

Many people think money is the issue. But there is a lack of trust between the two sides. (POINT)

Many people think money is the issue, but the main point is that there is a lack of trust between the two sides.

500

There is very little evidence that the theory is correct.

 (Perhaps, none at all)

There is very little evidence, if any, that the theory is correct.

500

The government didn’t invest in public education decades ago.

The education system is still underfunded today.

(Inverted style)

Had the government invested in public education decades ago,  the education system would be better funded now. 

500

We should not ignore these warning signs under any circumstances.

Under no circumstances should we ignore these warning signs.

500

“I’m sorry I interrupted the meeting,” he said. 

(NOUN) 

He made an apology for interrupting/for having interrupted the meeting.

500

Most people think the solution is simple. However, the problem is far more complicated than it appears.

(TRUTH) 

Most people think the solution is simple, but the truth of the matter is that the problem is far more complicated than it appears.