Infant Neuro/Motor Integration
Swaddling a 1-month-old is recommended primarily for this reason, as it mimics the confined environment of the womb and helps inhibit the infant's own startling (Moro) reflex.
What is To Promote Calm During Sleep?
A 4-year-old tells an imaginative story about a crime-fighting cat and can draw a picture of himself for an activity. Both abilities indicate the child is securely operating in the Preoperational stage, primarily using this cognitive tool.
What is Symbolic Representation?
Nick uses complex sentence structures (the first) when talking about gaming, but the PT focuses on his values (e.g., helping people) to analyze the underlying meaning and logic of his beliefs (the second), representing two different language components.
What is the difference between Syntax and Semantics?
A 13-year-old athlete who previously held a confident, unwavering goal of becoming a pro athlete (Foreclosure) now misses appointments and states he "doesn't even know if he wants to play football anymore." This represents a crisis, which could lead to this next identity status.
What is a transition to Identity Moratorium (Exploration)?
Treating Marco's chronic limp (a specific, existing symptom) before addressing his underlying strength and endurance deficiencies is an example of this immediate, problem-focused level of intervention.
What is a Downstream Intervention?
When assessing a 1-month-old, the PT notes the infant's ability to turn her head toward sounds and slightly lift her head when prone. These early, basic functions indicate that this part of the brain is controlling her motor output.
What is the Brainstem?
SUPER CHALLENGE:
A 4-year-old struggles with the former when he doesn't get a fourth snack, but structured play and discussion help a 5-year-old develop the latter by recognizing that others' beliefs and perspectives are different.
200 Points for EACH Correct Answer
What is the difference between Egocentrism and Theory of Mind (ToM)?
A 5-year-old's language and reading development will depend on this cognitive process, where the left hemisphere of the brain specializes in functions like processing language and reading paragraphs.
What is Lateralization?
Both identity statuses involve exploration, but the latter is defined by the individual having made a commitment to a chosen path after a period of active research and internal struggle.
What is the difference between Identity Moratorium and Identity Achievement?
A PT helps a 4-year-old with buttoning skills, knowing that the child's ability to smoothly coordinate his fingers depends on the established control and stability of his shoulder and arm. This motor progression pattern is known as....
What is Proximodistal development?
The PT explains that a 1-month-old's fisted hands will eventually lead to a controlled grasp, a fine motor skill that depends entirely on the increasing speed and efficiency of neural communication. This insulation process is called....
What is Myelination?
A 5-year-old can solve puzzles and count, indicating she is moving beyond the simple use of symbols and toward this more advanced cognitive concept that defines the Concrete Operational stage.
What is the ability to use logical, reversible mental actions (Operations)?
A 1-month-old's mother speaks in a high-pitched, sing-song voice, supporting this feature of language development that concerns the social cues and contexts learned in communication (e.g., tone of voice).
What are Pragmatics?
This parenting approach, which balances high demand (maintaining clear rules) with high responsiveness (listening to concerns), is credited with fostering the most successful progression through Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage.
What is the Authoritative Parenting Style?
A teenager progresses from actively exploring multiple careers without commitment (Moratorium) to confidently declaring a career choice after research (Achievement). This shift in the structure of thought/identity is considered this type of developmental change.
What is a Qualitative change?
The mother stroking her 1-month-old's cheek elicits this reflex, which, combined with the infant's ability to lift her head when prone, demonstrates the earliest progression in this motor development pattern.
(2-part answer)
What are the Rooting Reflex and Cephalocaudal pattern?
An 16-year-old is actively researching pre-med and PT (Identity Moratorium). Her ability to logically weigh abstract pros and cons like "ethical practice" and "work-life balance" is a display of this advanced cognitive stage, according to Piaget.
What is Formal Operational thought (or Formal Operations Stage)?
A child reacts to an unexpected light touch on the shoulder (like a clothing tag or a tap) as a threat, triggering a "fight or flight" response, because the brain interprets harmless input as danger.
What is Tactile Defensiveness?
SUPER CHALLENGE:
Chloe's parents are highly supportive but allow her to make safety decisions without consequence. This high-responsiveness, low-demand parenting style directly facilitates which adolescent risk factor, especially when combined with a peer group that encourages sensation-seeking?
400 Points for EACH Correct answer.
What is a high correlation between Permissive parenting and Externalizing behaviors (like high-risk activities or substance use)?
Javier's sleep deprivation causes chronic low back pain (Biological), irritability and poor concentration (Psychological), and his need to play with an international online group (Social). This framework integrating these factors is known as....
What is the Biopsychosocial Process?
An infant progresses from a slight head lift (1 month) to a sustained head lift (2 months). This measurable increase in skill mastery is classified as this type of developmental change.
What is a Quantitative Change?
While Egocentrism is a failure to take another's perspective, this related preoperational concept refers to the tendency to focus on only one aspect of a situation and neglect other important features.
What is Centration?
During a single-leg stance balance exercise on an unstable surface with the eyes closed, the patient is required to rely on the Vestibular system and the Proprioceptive system to maintain balance, compensating for the elimination of this system.
What is Visual?
A 17-year-old fracturing her tibia during high-risk activity with her "Adventurers" clique is likely suffering from the aspect of this cognitive pattern that makes teens feel they are unique and invulnerable to harm, leading to risk-taking.
What is Adolescent Egocentrism?
Given that a 16-year-old's chronic low back pain is exacerbated by fatigue, and his primary barrier is poor decision-making (Prefrontal Cortex immaturity) due to late-night gaming, the most effective upstream intervention is education on this topic for both him and his parents.
What is Adolescent Sleep Hygiene?