Theory and Research
Socio-Emotional Development
Cognitive Development
Physical Development
Biology and Environment
100

Dr. Langley’s work is devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan. Dr. Langley’s field of study is __________.

developmental science

100

Bindi quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess’s research, Bindi would be classified as a(n) __________ child.

easy

100

According to Piaget, when children are not changing much cognitively, they __________ more than they __________.

assimilate; accommodate

100

What is meant by a "proximodistal" trend of body growth?

The arms and legs grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet.

100

Of all Western nations, __________ has the highest percentage of extremely poor children.

the United States

200

Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood, had divorced parents, and rarely saw her father, she is a successful, happy, and healthy adult. Betty’s ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.

resilience

200

Twenty-two-year-old Daniel is overly dependent on his girlfriend, Missy. Daniel continually doubts his ability to meet new challenges. Daniel may not have fully mastered the tasks of __________ and __________ during infancy and childhood

basic trust; autonomy

200

Sydney, when faced with a problem, starts with a hypothesis, deduces testable inferences, and isolates and combines variables to see which inferences are confirmed. Sydney is in Piaget’s __________ stage of development.

formal operations

200

 __________ are tiny gaps between neighboring neurons.

Synapses

200

In cultures that emphasize collectivism, people value __________.

collaborative endeavors or group harmony

300

Central to __________’s theory is the concept of adaptation.

Piaget

300

According to Erikson, when parents are over- or undercontrolling, the outcome is a child who __________.

feels forced and shamed

300

The Vygotskian concept of __________  refers to a range of tasks that the child cannot yet handle alone but can do with the help of more skilled partners.

zone of proximal development

300

The __________ is among the last regions to attain adult levels of synaptic connections.

prefrontal cortex

300

The term teratogen refers to __________.

any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period

400

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution emphasized __________ and __________.

natural selection; survival of the fittest

400

According to Bowlby, the __________ becomes a vital part of personality, serving as a guide for all future close relationships.

internal working model

400

__________ can be thought of as a “mental workspace” that we use to accomplish many activities in daily life.

working memory

400

The specialization of the two hemispheres of the brain is known as __________.

lateralization

400

When sperm and ovum unite at conception, a(n) __________ results.

zygote

500

Dr. Kostel believes that development takes place in stages. This belief is consistent with the __________ perspective.

discontinuous 

500

The __________ attachment pattern reflects the greatest insecurity.

disorganized/disoriented

500

The __________ is the conscious, reflective part of our mental system.

central executive

500

Babies who  _______  breastfeed three times longer than infants who sleep alone.

sleep with their parents or cosleep

500

Which concept places the most emphasis on bidirectional exchanges between heredity and the environment?

Epigenesis or Epigenetics