Language and Thought
mental structures that organize information and regulate behavior
What is a Schema?
children have difficulty seeing the world from another person’s point of view
What is Egocentrism?
the relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience
What is Learning?
the unique sound used to create words; the building blocks of language
What are Phonemes?
The first of Erikson's Stages
What Basic Trust vs. Mistrust?
taking in information that is compatible with what one already knows
What is Assimilation?
Giving inanimate objects with life and lifelike properties such as emotions
What is Animism?
Learning by association
What is Classical Conditioning?
speech that adults use with infants that is slow and has exaggerated changes in pitch and volume
What is Infant-Directed Speech?
children learn to look at their father or mother when they are in unfamiliar or ambiguous situations to help in interpreting the environment
What is Social Referencing?
changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge
What is Accommodation?
Psychological equivalent of tunnel vision. Children exhibit narrowly focused type of thought
What is Centration?
another type of learning in which a behavior is performed then followed by a consequence
What is Operant Conditioning?
baby’s first language
What is Cooing?
occurs when the child plays alone but maintains a keen interest un what another child is doing
What is Parallel Play?
Infants respond reflexively to many stimuli
What is the Sensorimotor Stage?
children understand that animals can move themselves but inanimate objects must be moved by other people or objects.
What is Movement according to the 6 stages of the Naïve Theory?
which is the ability to remember significant events and experiences of their own lives
What is Autobiographical Memory?
speech used by young children that contains only the necessary words to convey a message
What is Telegraphic Speech?
play organized by theme, with each child taking on a different role.
What is Cooperative Play?
understanding that objects exist independently on oneself
What is Object Permanence?
children realize that only living things have offspring that resemble their parents.
What is the Inheritance stage of the Naïve Theory?
counting principle that states that the number names must always be counted in the same order
What is Stable Order Processing?
rammatical usage that result from applying rules to words that are exceptions to the rule.
What is Overregularization?
one partner tried to emerge as the victor by threatening or contradicting the other.
What is Constrictive Play?