Developmental Theories & Stages
This theory focuses on how children learn through rewards and punishments.
What is behaviorism?
These are harmful agents such as alcohol, drugs, or infections that can negatively affect prenatal development.
What are teratogens?
Babies should sleep in this position to reduce the risk of SIDS.
What is on their back?
Memory that operates unconsciously, such as riding a bike, is called this.
What is implicit memory?
This attachment style is associated with trust, healthy relationships, and emotional security.
What is secure attachment?
According to Erik Erikson, this psychosocial stage asks, “Who am I?”
What is Identity vs. Role Confusion?
The three stages of prenatal development occur in this order.
What are germinal, embryonic, and fetal
This reflex causes a baby to turn toward a touch on the cheek.
What is the rooting reflex?
Sternberg’s triarchic theory includes these three types of intelligence.
What are analytical, creative, and practical intelligence?
Mary Ainsworth developed this procedure to measure infant attachment styles.
What is the Strange Situation?
This theorist believed development occurs through assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration.
Who is Jean Piaget?
This prenatal test uses sound waves to view the fetus and detect abnormalities.
What is ultrasound sonography?
This developmental pattern describes growth from the head downward.
What is cephalocaudal development?
Gardner’s theory proposes multiple intelligences, including linguistic, musical, and this nature-based intelligence.
What is naturalistic intelligence?
Kohlberg proposed these three levels of moral development.
What are preconventional, conventional, and postconventional morality?
In Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, this system includes culture, values, and societal beliefs.
What is the macrosystem?
Fetal viability usually begins around this week of gestation.
What is about 23–24 weeks?
According to Piaget, this stage involves learning through senses and actions.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
This Piaget stage allows children to think logically about concrete events.
What is the concrete operational stage?
This Erikson stage focuses on contributing to society and helping future generations.
What is Generativity vs. Stagnation?
This theory argues that development is shaped by multiple interacting systems rather than one fixed cause.
What is dynamic systems theory?
These are the three major stages of birth.
What are dilation, expulsion, and afterbirth?
This theory explains how support from others helps children perform tasks they could not do alone.
What is Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding?
Dan Goleman’s emotional intelligence includes these four domains.
What are self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management?
This personality disorder is marked by chronic instability in emotions, relationships, and self-image.
What is Borderline Personality Disorder?