Chapter 12
Gradual hormonal changes in women occur before menopause and may start as early as when?
Age 35
When does menopause begin?
Between 45 and 55 years of age.
What interactions can occur from polypharmacy and why does this occur in older adults?
Drug-drug interactions, drug-food interactions, drug-environment interactions; decreased ability of the liver and kidneys to excrete drugs from the body can lead to toxic levels of drug accumulation.
Enhances self-image, increases activity level, creates feelings of self-worth and usefulness, and contributes to the meaning and quality of life.
What is when aging is felt and is experienced by aligning self with the next stage of life in a healthy way?
Midlife transition
What are nursing teaching techniques for middle adults?
Teaching plans should relate to the problems and concerns of the individual and the age group; understanding their concerns and sources of stress.
What are concerns for middle-aged men related to?
Role changes, work-related stress, decreased physical fitness and performance anxiety.
What influence the plan of care for the older person?
Living arrangements, support systems, income, and education levels.
Stress that can often lead to elder abuse
What is defined as contributing in a positive way to family, community, or the world?
Generativity
Decreased levels of what can lead to both men and women in middle aged having less sexual desire?
Testosterone and other hormones
What are contributing factors to men having a higher mortality rate than women?
Men delay seeking medical and preventative care, offer more from alcohol and substance abuse, and remain in the workforce longer with higher potential for injury.
What are causes for altered nutritional needs in late adulthood?
How many million persons above age 65 were below the poverty level?
4.6 million
What is the failure to achieve generativity, self-absorption, unproductivity, placing personal concerns above all else or failure to get invovled with others including family, community, or the world?
Stagnation
What are options for sexual lifestyle for the single person in middle age?
Celibacy, sexually exclusive companion, long-term relationships with one or more partners. Less common situations include open marriages, group marriages, and swinging.
What percentage of women report feeling stressed during middle adulthood due to the sandwhich generation effect of not having time for relationships or self-care?
40%
Increase lifespan, quality of life, wellness, healthy behaviors, prevention treatable disease, reducing vaccine-preventable illness, reducing hip fractures from unintentional injuries, early diagnosis and management of dementia.
What are the most common activities of daily living that require assistance by home health-care aides?
What is the absence of menstruation for a period of at least 1 year due to decline or cessation of hormonal production and function?
Menopause
What are the benefits of physical activity in middle adulthood?
Maintaining fitness, preventing illness, and provides social component/outlet for busy schedules.
What essential health screenings are necessary for middle-aged women and men?
Vision (every 2 years)
Dental (every six months -year)
BP, lipid, and glucose (annually)
Colorectal cancer by age 45
Flu and shingles vaccination annually
Women - breast exam and mammogram every 2 years (50-74 yearsof age), osteoporsis (50-70 years), Pap every 3 years (21-29) and every 5 years 30-65
Men - Prostate screening 45-50 if African American
It is estimated that more than what percentage of people aged 65 and older fall each year and medical costs of fall-related injuries total more than how much annually?
25% and $50 billion
In 2015, what were the top 5 reported chronic conditions in late adulthood?
1 - hypertension (58%)
2 - hyperlipidemia (48%)
3 - arthritis (31%)
4 - heart disease (29%)
5 - diabetes (27%)
What are known as the basic needs for self-direction, effective interactions, and a sense of belonging to motivate social activities that enhance general wellbeing in late adulthood?
Autonomy, competence, and relatedness